References: Lecithin
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1997 Sep-Oct;21(5):275-8.
Determination of the route of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acid absorption by direct measurement in the rat.
Sigalet DL, Winkelaar GB, Smith LJ.
Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.
BACKGROUND: Medium-chain triglycerides are used for the treatment of malabsorptive states. We measured directly the absorption of medium- and long-chain fatty acids via the mesenteric lymphatics and portal vein in normal animals. These results may be useful in guiding therapy for short-bowel syndrome. METHODS: Under anesthesia, male Lewis rats (n = 6) underwent placement of jugular and portal venous lines, mesenteric lymphatic duct cannula, and a duodenal tube. After recovery, a 0.3% lauric acid (C12:0) and 0.37% palmitic acid (C16:0) solution solublized with 3.25 mmol/L lecithin and 23.75 mmol/L taurocholic acid in phosphate-buffered saline was infused at a rate of 3 mL/h via the duodenal tube. After stabilization of lymphatic flow (6 hours), a pulse of radiolabeled lauric and palmitic acid was given via the duodenal tube; absorption was measured by collection of lymphatic fluid and sampling of the portal and jugular venous blood for 4 hours. RESULTS: The amount of acid recovered in the lymphatics was 51% +/- 6% (mean +/- SD) for lauric and 59% +/- 6% for palmitic. For both fatty acids, < 1% in total was recovered from the portal vein during the 4-hour postbolus period; thereafter, levels in the blood were constant and very low. At necropsy, the majority of the remaining label was found in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS: These results show no evidence for the preferential absorption of medium-chain fatty acids directly via the portal vein in this model. We suggest that further studies be done to measure directly portal vein absorption of the medium-chain fatty acids.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9323689&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995 Dec;30(12):1178-85.
Dissolution of human cholesterol gallstones in bile salt/lecithin mixtures: effect of bile salt hydrophobicity and various pHs.
Angelico M, Mogavero L, Baiocchi L, Nistri A, Gandin C.
Dept. of Public Health, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
BACKGROUND: Unconjugated bile salts currently available for gallstone dissolution are poorly effective. We evaluated in vitro the litholytic potency of taurine-amidated bile salts against human cholesterol gallstones. METHODS: Seventy radiolucent gallstones with similar size and composition (cholesterol content, 70.1 +/- 0.9%) from a single patient were incubated in model biles composed of 100 mM of either taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC), taurocholate (TC), taurohyodeoxycholate (THDC) or tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) and of 45 mM egg yolk lecithin in saline buffered with tris/HCl (at pHs 7 and 8) or phosphate (at pHs 4 and 6). Biles (total lipids, 10 g/dl; cholesterol saturation, 99%) were incubated at 37 degrees C for 40 days. Gallstones were periodically weighed and returned to the dissolution vials, and the biliary cholesterol concentration was monitored. RESULTS: Model biles remained optically clear during the initial 48 h of incubation. Then, biles containing THDC and TUDC, but not those with TC and TCDC, became progressively turbid until, after several days, a white precipitate surrounded the residual stone. Abundant liquid crytalline droplets were observed at polarizing microscopy in biles containing TUDC and THDC. Gallstone dissolution was closely related to cholesterol solubilization and decreased in the order TCDC > THDC > or = TC > TUDC, being highest at pH 8. At the physiologic pH of 7 THDC was more litholythic than TC. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro, the litholytic potency of bile salts on cholesterol gallstones primarily depends on their hydrophobicity. THDC is a new potential gallstone-dissolving agent, deserving in vivo studies.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9053971&dopt=Abstract lecithin
FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 22;415(1):81-6.
Sphingosine-mediated electroporative DNA transfer through lipid bilayers.
Hristova NI, Tsoneva I, Neumann E.
Institute of Biophysics, Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia, Bulgaria.
When the cationic sphingosine is present in planar lipid bilayers, the adsorption of pDNA is enhanced and the electroporatability of the bilayer is facilitated. Furthermore, pDNA, adsorbed to lipid bilayers composed of diphytanoyl lecithin and D-sphingosine causes electroporative channel-like events of conductance 1 to 7 pS, provided the voltage polarity is correct and the voltage is high enough, Vm > or = +30 mV. The data suggest electrotransport of pDNA through the bilayer, mediated by transient complexes between DNA and the lipids in the pore edges of elongated, electropercolated hydrophilic pore zones. The results are the basis for the optimisation of electroporative transfer of DNA or oligonucleotides to cells and tissue.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9326374&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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