References: Lecithin
Atherosclerosis. 1992 Mar;93(1-2):123-32.
Effects of chronic aortic coarctation on atherosclerosis and arterial lipid accumulation in the Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit.
Roux SP, Kuhn H, Lengsfeld H, Morand OH.
Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
The effects of high blood pressure on atherosclerosis were examined in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. For this purpose, the subdiaphragmatic aorta of rabbits was partially ligated (coarctation) to increase blood pressure. Atherosclerosis was assessed 4 months later by morphometric analyses and quantitation of arterial lipids. Results were compared to control WHHL rabbits with matched plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. A marked increase in atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the thoracic aorta of the hypertensive rabbits without qualitative changes in its morphometric features. The cross sectional area of the atherosclerotic plaques of the ascending and descending aorta in the hypertensive rabbits was two- and six-times larger than in normotensive rabbits, respectively. Lesions represented 12.0% +/- 3.5% of the total medial cross sectional area of the descending aorta of normotensive rabbits, versus 45.0% +/- 5.7% in hypertensive rabbits. No lesions were observed downstream of the coarctation in hypertensive rabbits, nor in the normotensive rabbits. Accumulation of cholesterol and choline-containing phospholipids in the descending aorta of hypertensive rabbits was increased 3.2- and 1.5-fold, respectively, when compared to normotensive rabbits. Hypertension did not change the unesterified cholesterol/total cholesterol and sphingomyelin/lecithin + lysolecithin molar ratios. In conclusion, chronic coarctation enhances the atherosclerotic response in WHHL rabbits in the high blood pressure compartment, and reduces the variability of this response.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1596295&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992 Apr;373(4):187-93. ["Gene","window.top.location='Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_gene&from_uid=1596360'","",""],["Nucleotide","window.top.location='Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_nucleotide&from_uid=1596360'","",""],["Protein","window.top.location='Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_protein&from_uid=1596360'","",""],
Mouse apolipoprotein AI. cDNA-derived primary structure, gene organisation and complete nucleotide sequence.
Stoffel W, Muller R, Binczek E, Hofmann K.
Institut fur Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultat, Universitat zu Koln.
Apolipoprotein AI, the dominant protein component of serum high density lipoprotein, is intimately involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Apo AI activates the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase within the HDL particle and functions as ligand for a putative HDL receptor--two properties, which render this apolipoprotein a key mediator in reversed cholesterol transport. A functional analysis of the apo AI gene demands the isolation of the mouse apo AI gene for expression as transgenes in different mutant forms in the mouse. Here we describe the isolation of a full length apo AI-specific mouse liver cDNA clone with the human cDNA (892 bp) and the derived amino-acid sequence coding a polypeptide of 264 amino-acid residues. It showed a 70.7% homology to the rat and 66% to the human apo AI sequence. With this cDNA as probe the mouse apo AI gene was isolated and its organization analysed. Four exons, three of which are coding sequences, are aligned similarly to the human gene. The gene embraces 1825 bp between the transcription start, and the poly(A)+ tail attached 62 bp downstream of the stop codon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the four exons and three introns of the mouse apo AI gene was determined and its homology compared with that of the rat and human gene. Extensive deletions and a strongly reduced homology of the three introns of the two genes are obvious.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1596360&dopt=Abstract lecithin
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1995 Dec;41(6):619-26.
New procedure to fortify fluid milk and derivatives with iron: a comparative study in mice.
Boccio JR, Zubillaga MB, Caro RA, Gotelli CA, Gotelli MJ, Weill R.
Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
It is known that the fortification of milk and its derivatives with iron has been recognized as a worldwide necessity, since the deficiency of this element produces different metabolic disorders. With this purpose, we have studied the iron absorption in mice after the administration of fluid milk and yogurt with FeSO4, stabilized by microencapsulation with soy lecithin (SFE-171) or with FeSO4, both labeled with 59Fe, which was used in the same experimental conditions for comparative purposes. The absorption of iron is influenced by the presence of some additives which usually are ingested together with milk, such as cacao, coffee, tea, "Argentine green herbs tea or mate" or cereals. The experimental results demonstrate that the iron absorption from SFE-171 is (12.3 +/- 2.9)%, whereas that from FeSO4 is (7.7 +/- 2.7)%, this difference is highly significant at p < 0.01. In all the cases, groups of 25 mice each were used to increase the statistical robustness of the experimental results. On the other hand, it could be demonstrated that the presence of 10% w/v cacao (Nesquik) increases the iron absorption in both cases, whereas 1% w/v cacao (Nesquik) and mate has no influence on the iron absorption if SFE-171 is used. Cereals (Nestum 3 cereals), yogurt and other additives like tea and coffee, for different reasons, decrease the absorption of this element.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8926534&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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