References: Lecithin
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Nov;61(11):1791-5.
Effects of lecithin addition in oil or water phase on the stability of emulsions made with whey proteins.
Yamamoto Y, Araki M.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Japan.
The effects of lecithin addition in oil or water phase on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions made with 0.1 wt% whey protein and 10 wt% n-tetradecane at neutral and acidic pH were studied by monitoring the gravitational creaming and phase separation. The effects of lecithin addition on the interfacial behavior of beta-lactoglobulin were also studied to compare with the results of emulsion stability. At neutral pH, crude phosphatidylcholine (PC) from egg yolk or soybean increased the stability of the emulsion made with protein and lowered the interfacial tension of protein films more effectively than pure egg PC. A more remarkable effect on both the emulsion stability and the interfacial tension was found when crude PC was added in the oil phase rather than in the water phase. The purity of lecithins and the way to add them are suggested to be very important to make a stable emulsion with protein. On acidic pH (4.5 or 3.0), the increased creaming or phase separation in a whey protein-stabilized emulsion, but the lowered interfacial tension of beta-lactoglobulin films, were found upon the addition of pure or crude PC in oil or water phase. These results suggest that in acidic pH, densely packed films may be formed on a planar oil-water interface, but not on adsorbed layers around oil droplets in an emulsion.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9404055&dopt=Abstract lecithin
J Lipid Res. 1989 May;30(5):765-71.
Detection of vesicular lipoproteins in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase-deficient plasma by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
Parmar YI, Sparks DL, Frohlich J, Cullis PR, Pritchard PH.
Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The proton NMR spectra of the N-methyl choline region of normal and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient lipoproteins and of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol 55:45 (mol %) vesicle mixtures have been examined in the presence and absence of manganous sulfate as a line-broadening reagent. Manganous ions quenched all of the signal arising from normal lipoproteins and only part of the vesicle signal corresponding to the outer monolayer. There was no net loss of vesicular phospholipid when vesicles were added to normal lipoproteins and as little as 5% (or 100 micrograms) of the vesicular phospholipid could be detected and quantitated in the mixture of lipoproteins. Similar experiments performed on plasma lipoproteins from an LCAT-deficient patient indicated that 42% of the phospholipid was associated with vesicular lipoproteins. These experiments demonstrate that this technique can be used to detect and quantify small amounts of vesicular structures directly in a mixture of micellar lipoproteins.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2547890&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Fetal Diagn Ther. 1996 Jul-Aug;11(4):271-4.
Evaluation of human fetal urine as a source of amniotic fluid phospholipids.
Bar-Oz B, Arad I.
Department of Neonatology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
The accumulation of surface active material in amniotic fluid during gestation is assumed to result from lung fluid secretion through the trachea. Some animal studies, however, have indicated that virtually all of the tracheal fluid is swallowed, whereas little if any enters the amniotic cavity. Following these observations fetal urine has been considered by some authors as an alternative source of amniotic fluid phospholipids. However, the phospholipid content of human fetal urine has not yet been determined. We have determined the L/S ratio and lamellar body concentration in human amniotic fluid and fetal urine obtained during 3 term cesarean deliveries. While both the L/S ratio and lamellar body particle concentration in the amniotic fluid samples were equivalent to values reported in term pregnancies, no measurable lecithin or sphingomyelin peaks were demonstrated in the urine samples and very few, if any, particles were counted. The lack of similarity between determinants of surface activity in human amniotic fluid and fetal urine does not support a major contribution of fetal urine to the phospholipid content of amniotic fluid.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8823608&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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