References: Lecithin
Biofizika. 1988 Sep-Oct;33(5):787-93.
[Thermotropic behavior of liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and their mixtures]
[Article in Russian]
Makarova TB, Korolev NP, Gus'kova RA, Ivanov II, Mil'gram VD.
The thermotropic properties of multilamellar liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and several mixtures of these two lipids were studied with the application of excimer--forming optical probe pyrene and microcalorimetry. It was discovered that when the proportion of the egg yolk lecithin in the lipid mixture was raised the temperature of the main phase transition reduced. For all this, independent of the lipid mixture composition when the temperature was raised, apparently, polarity of pyrene microenvironment in the liposomes bilayers decreased. On the basis of the analysis of solidus and liquidus curves obtained from calorimetric studies of the lipid mixtures and bend points of Arrhenius anamorphose obtained during the pyrene excimer formation measurements some conclusions were made about the role of unmodified and hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin cluster formation in the determination of thermotropic properties of the liposomes from the above two lipids mixtures. High temperature phase transition discovered for the egg yolk lecithin while measuring the pyrene excimer formation is proposed to be closely connected with temperature-dependent changes in the organization of phospholipid heads on the interphase bilayer/H2O solution.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3224107&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1996 May;17(4):331-42.
Lipid emulsions of palmitoylrhizoxin: effects of composition on lipolysis and biodistribution.
Kurihara A, Shibayama Y, Mizota A, Yasuno A, Ikeda M, Sasagawa K, Kobayashi T, Hisaoka M.
Analytical and Metabolic Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Four types of lipid emulsion for highly lipophilic antitumour agent RS-1541 (13-O-palmitoylrhizoxin) with mean particle diameters of 200-260 nm were prepared using soybean oil (SOY) or dioctanoyldecanoylglycerol (ODO) for the oil phase and lecithin (LEC) or polyoxyethylene-(60)-hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60) for surfactants. The lipolysis rate of HCO-60-emulsified emulsions by lipoprotein lipase was much slower than that of LEC-emulsified emulsions. Particle sizes of emulsions incubated in plasma with the lipase for six hours were 75%, 79%, 101%, and 93% of initial values for SOY/LEC, ODO/LEC, SOY/HCO-60, and ODO/HCO-60 emulsions, respectively, showing an apparent size decrease for LEC-emulsified emulsions. In rats, uptake clearance values of SOY/LEC and ODO/LEC emulsions of RS-1541 in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) were 81.2 and 135.3 mL h(-1), respectively, and AUC values were 4.0 and 1.3 microg h mL(-1), respectively. In contrast, RES uptake clearances of HCO-60 emulsions of RS-1541 were considerably lower (4.2 mL h(-1) for SOY/HCO-60; 2.2 mL h(-1) for ODO/HCO-60), resulting in high AUC values (35.4 microg h mL(-1) for SOY/ HCO-60; 63.9 microg h mL(-1) for ODO/HCO-60). The concentrations of RS-1541 in tumour tissues after an intravenous administration of ODO/HCO-60 emulsions of RS-1541 to mice bearing solid tumour M5076 sarcoma were about ten times higher than those after the administration of SOY/LEC emulsions. These results indicate that HCO-60 emulsions, compared with conventional LEC emulsions, are more stable to lipoprotein lipase and show low uptakes by RES organs, long circulations in the plasma, and high distributions in tumours. Thus, these sterically stabilized emulsions
J Dairy Sci. 1988 Nov;71(11):3003-12.
Plasma lipoproteins in neonatal, preruminant, and weaned calf.
Jenkins KJ, Griffith G, Kramer JK.
Animal Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
This study compared plasma lipoprotein fraction profiles and lipid composition in the calf at 3 d, 3 wk, and 12 wk (weaned). For all ages the major plasma lipoprotein fraction was high density lipoproteins (52 to 73%), followed by very high density lipoproteins (10 to 22%), low density lipoproteins (13 to 18%), and chylomicrons plus very low density lipoproteins (5 to 9%). Most plasma lipid was cholesterol esters (41 to 49%) and phosphatidylcholine (21 to 29%). Most cholesterol esters (66 to 81%) and phosphatidylcholine (68 to 80%) were in high density lipoproteins; free fatty acids (83 to 96%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (75 to 85%) in very high density lipoproteins; and triglycerides (93 to 98%) in the remaining lipoprotein fractions. Of the three ages studied, 3-d-old calves had comparatively low plasma total lipids, high density lipoproteins, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, and linoleic acid in all lipid classes; they had relatively high plasma very high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and 20:3 n-9 fatty acid (indicative of essential fatty acids deficiency). Lipoprotein classes and lipid composition were similar at wk 3 and 12. Comparison of fatty acid profiles for phosphatidylcholine with those for lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol esters indicated plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was active in calves at all three ages studied.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3230188&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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