References: Lecithin
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1988 Sep;48(5):481-7.
Plasma cholesterol esterification rate in hyperlipoproteinaemia: relation to cholesterol elimination.
Angelin B, Einarsson K, Leijd B, Wallentin L.
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer (LCAT) rate and cholesterol and bile acid turnover in hyperlipidaemia. Nineteen healthy controls, 19 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type IIa and 12 patients with HLP type IV were studied under standardized dietary conditions. Bile acid kinetics was determined with the aid of [14C]labelled cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In the hyperlipidaemic patients, cholesterol balance was calculated as the sum of bile acid synthesis plus daily faecal excretion of neutral C27 steroids minus dietary intake of cholesterol. The plasma LCAT rate was determined simultaneously. The mean values of bile acid formation, cholesterol balance, and LCAT rate in HLP type IV patients exceeded those in HLP type IIa patients or in the controls. An increased plasma LCAT rate was found among HLP type IV patients with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. Plasma LCAT rate correlated positively with bile acid formation (Rs = +0.78, p less than 0.01) and cholesterol balance (Rs = +0.88, p less than 0.002) in HLP type IV. No such relationships were obtained in the controls or in HLP type IIa. It is suggested that an increased production and/or flux of VLDL in HLP type IV is linked to an enhanced plasma LCAT rate and to an increased formation and metabolism of cholesterol in the liver.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3206195&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988 Nov;95(11):1137-43.
Fetal outcome in obstetric cholestasis.
Fisk NM, Storey GN.
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Obstetric cholestasis has been associated with a high incidence of stillbirth and perinatal complications. Between 1975 and 1984, 83 pregnancies were complicated by cholestasis. Meconium staining occurred in 45%, spontaneous preterm labour in 44%, and intrapartum fetal distress in 22%. Of 86 infants two were stillborn and one died soon after birth. Perinatal mortality fell from 107 in a previous series from this hospital (1965-1974) to 35/1000 in this series. Cardiotocography, estimations of oestriol, liver function tests and ultrasonic assessment of amniotic fluid volume failed to predict fetal compromise, whereas amniocentesis revealed meconium in 8 of 26 pregnancies. Early intervention was indicated in 49 pregnancies, 12 because of fetal compromise. This study suggests that intensive fetal surveillance, including amniocentesis for meconium, and induction of labour at term or with a mature lecithin/sphyngomyelin ratio, may reduce the stillbirth rate in this 'high-risk' condition.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3207643&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Feb 14;49(4):511-7.
Concentration-dependent binding of the chiral beta-blocker oxprenolol to isoelectric or negatively charged unilamellar vesicles.
Hellwich U, Schubert R.
Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universitat Tubingen, Germany.
Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of different lipid compositions were used to study the type of binding of the beta-blocking cationic agent oxprenolol to the lipid matrix of biological membranes at a physiologic pH value of 7.4. When isoelectric membranes of pure egg lecithin or egg lecithin/cholesterol (7:3 mol/mol) were used, a linear relationship between membrane-bound and free oxprenolol indicated a constant molar partition coefficient of 54 or 44 between the liposomal and the aqueous phase over a wide concentration range of the drug up to 25 mM. This pointed to deep insertion of the drug molecules into the hydrophobic membrane interior. Drug binding to membranes of negatively charged phosphatidylserine from bovine brain was cooperative with a Hill coefficient h of 3.4 at concentrations below 0.5 mM and a molar ratio Re of bound drug per lipid of 1:10. Above drug concentrations of 2.5 mM and Re = 1:5, a constant molar partition coefficient of 33 could be estimated. R-oxprenolol or S-oxprenolol, as well as the racemic drug, showed no differences in membrane binding, even with egg lecithin LUVs containing 20 mol% of the negatively charged (2S, 4R)-N-(hexadecanoyl)-4-hydroxyproline, which has a pronounced chiral headgroup. Our results suggest that enantioselective interactions of the chiral oxprenolol with the chiral lipids of biological membranes can be excluded. Furthermore, surface adsorption of the drug is probable only on the negatively charged cytosolic side of biological plasma membranes, whereas on the isoelectric exterior the cationic drug is inserted deeply into the membrane.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7872956&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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