References: Lecithin
Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Mar;79(3):460-4.
The utility of the TDx test in the assessment of fetal lung maturity.
Steinfeld JD, Samuels P, Bulley MA, Cohen AW, Goodman DB, Senior MB.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.
Accurate assessment of fetal lung maturity is essential in the management of high-risk obstetric patients. New rapid techniques have been developed to supplement time-consuming chromatographic methods. We compared one of these newer methods, the TDx-FLM, to the standard tests for fetal pulmonary maturity. There was an excellent correlation between the TDx and the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (r = 0.78). Although a TDx value of 70 or greater is considered mature, we found a value of 50 or greater predictive of fetal lung maturity in 100% of cases, and have chosen to redefine a mature value as 50 or greater in our institution. This value has greatly enhanced the clinical applicability of the test, allowing use of a large number of specimens from the previously poorly understood and often disregarded borderline category.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1738531&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Artery. 1992;19(1):39-46.
Effects of diazepam (Valium) on aortic atherogenesis and plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in cockerels fed an atherogenic diet.
Wong HY, Loo G, Sherief HT, Zhuang HZ.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20059.
Blood plasma LCAT (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.43) was studied in cockerels fed an atherogenic diet to determine if attenuation of aortic atherogenesis, as a result of simultaneous treatment of the birds with diazepam, might be related to modulation of enzyme activity by the drug. Administration of diazepam (0.6 mg/kg) did not influence LCAT. It was observed that no relationship could be established between enzyme activity and the extent of aortic atherogenesis. In contrast, addition of diazepam in vitro to cockerel plasma caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of LCAT activity. The effect was most pronounced when diazepam was present at a concentration of 50-200 microM, where inhibition of enzyme activity was 25-65%. Thus, pharmacologic doses of diazepam do not appear to affect LCAT in vivo. It is concluded that diazepam attenuates aortic atherogenesis in cockerels fed an atherogenic diet by a mechanism independent of LCAT.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1739387&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biochemistry. 2003 May 20;42(19):5809-18.
All-trans-retinyl esters are the substrates for isomerization in the vertebrate visual cycle.
Gollapalli DR, Rando RR.
Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 45 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
The identification of the critical enzyme(s) that carries out the trans to cis isomerization producing 11-cis-retinol during the operation of the visual cycle remains elusive. Confusion exists in the literature as to the exact nature of the isomerization substrate. At issue is whether it is an all-trans-retinyl ester or all-trans-retinol (vitamin A). As both putative substrates interconvert rapidly in retinal pigment epithelial membranes, the choice of substrate can be ambiguous. The two enzymes that effect interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinyl esters are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinyl ester hydrolase (REH). The retinyl ester or all-trans-retinol pools are radioactively labeled separately in the presence of inhibitors of LRAT and REH, effectively preventing their interconversion. Pulse-chase experiments unambiguously demonstrate that all-trans-retinyl esters, and not all-trans-retinol, are the precursors of 11-cis-retinol. When the all-trans-retinyl ester pool is radioactively labeled, the resulting 11-cis-retinol is labeled with the same specific activity as the precursor ester. The converse is true with vitamin A. These data unambiguously establish all-trans-retinyl esters as the precursors of 11-cis-retinol.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12741839&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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