References: Lecithin
J Lipid Res. 1988 Nov;29(11):1405-15.
Behavior of human apolipoprotein A-I: phospholipid and apoHDL:phospholipid complexes in vitro and after injection into rabbits.
Koizumi J, Kano M, Okabayashi K, Jadhav A, Thompson GR.
MRC Lipoprotein Team, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K.
Apolipoprotein A-I was purified from human high density lipoprotein and complexed with polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) in deoxycholate (Lipostabil); the bile salt was removed subsequently by dialysis. The behavior of the resultant apoA-I/PC complexes was compared with that of Lipostabil in vitro and after injection into rabbits. In vivo apoA-I/PC complexes had the density of HDL throughout but had both alpha and pre beta electrophoretic mobility, the latter probably reflecting dissociation of apoA-I from PC. Lipostabil initially behaved like LDL but gradually acquired the density of HDL after incubation with plasma and in vivo. Both preparations increased plasma total phospholipids in normolipidemic rabbits to a similar extent, but, increments in HDL phospholipid were greater after apoA-I/PC complexes were injected. ApoHDL/PC complexes, prepared in a similar manner, appeared to promote efflux of cholesterol from perfused rabbit aortas in the presence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, consistent with a stimulatory effect on cholesterol mobilization. Injection of apoHDL/PC complexes into hyperlipidemic rabbits decreased plasma cholesterol but increased HDL cholesterol, whereas Lipostabil decreased both. These findings suggest that human apoA-I/PC complexes resemble HDL in their behavior more closely than does Lipostabil, and show that both types of liposome undergo modification upon interaction with plasma. It remains to be shown whether they possess any therapeutic potential.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3149286&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Hepatogastroenterology. 1997 Mar-Apr;44(14):514-8.
Right hepatic lobectomy in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Yamamoto K, Takenaka K, Matsumata T, Shimada M, Itasaka H, Shirabe K, Sugimachi K.
Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The outcome of hepatectomy in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported, however neither the morphological nor functional hepatic regeneration in elderly patients have been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, who underwent a right hepatic lobectomy over an 8-year period, were classified into three groups according to their age; group 1 (n = 7), more than 70 years of age; group 2 (n = 40), patients from 50 to 69 years of age and group 3 (n = 9), under 50 years of age. There were no significant differences regarding backgrounds or intra-operative parameters among the three groups. The perioperative hepatic function, postoperative complications and the regeneration rate of the remnant left lobe at 1 month after operation were compared. RESULTS: No differences were found in the regeneration rate, however, the levels of the hepaplastin test and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase at 7 days after hepatectomy in group 1 (31.3%, 8.8 U) were significantly lower than those in groups 2 and 3 (37.4%, 18.4 U; 47.9%, 29.4 U, respectively). The incidence of hospital death due to hepatic failure in group 1 (42.9%) was also significantly higher than that of group 2 (5.0%) or group 3 (0%). CONCLUSION: The decline of postoperative protein synthesis regardless of the voluminal regeneration is a characteristic of the elderly. This phenomenon might thus be an important promoter of postoperative hepatic failure which remains unpredictable using any type of examination. Therefore, at this time, a major hepatectomy is not recommended as a viable treatment alternative in the elderly.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9164528&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Diabet Med. 1996 Feb;13(2):139-44.
Plasma lipoprotein composition and cholesteryl ester transfer from high density lipoproteins to very low density and low density lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Bhatnagar D, Durrington PN, Kumar S, Mackness MI, Boulton AJ.
University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK.
We have examined cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) from HDL to low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) and lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity in plasma from 28 men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with diet alone or diet and sulphonylurea drugs and in 27 healthy non-diabetic controls. Patients and healthy subjects had similar LCAT activity, but CET was significantly higher in NIDDM 26.1 +/- 11.5 mumol l-1 h-1) than in healthy men (17.8 +/- 6.5 mumol l-1 h-1) (p = 0.001). Diabetic men also had higher CET compared to 15 healthy non-diabetic men (18.7 +/- 5.6 mumol l-1 h-1) (p = 0.001) with similar serum lipids. CET activity was similar in patients treated with diet alone (24.8 +/- mumol l-1 h-1) or with sulphonylureas (27.7 +/- 15.8 mumol l-1 h-1). The Sf 0-12 fraction was significantly enriched with total cholesterol (p = 0.0001) and free cholesterol (p = 0.0006) in diabetic subjects whether treated with diet alone or on sulphonylureas compared to the 15 non-diabetic controls matched for serum triglycerides. The free cholesterol/phospholipid, the free cholesterol/total protein and the free cholesterol/mass ratios were increased in the Sf 0-12 fraction in diabetic subjects (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that CET is accelerated in patients with NIDDM and that this may be due to the altered composition of acceptor lipoproteins.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8641118&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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