References: Lecithin
J Pediatr Surg. 1995 Mar;30(3):410-2.
Pathophysiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. XII: Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol concentrations do not predict surfactant status in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Wilcox DT, Glick PL, Karamanoukian HL, Azizkhan RG, Holm BA.
Buffalo Institute of Fetal Therapy (BIFT), State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
Abnormal development of the lung in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in a dysfunctional surfactant system. In premature newborns at risk for respiratory distress syndrome, amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) status have been successfully used to predict the surfactant status in the fetus. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of L/S ratios and PG in predicting the surfactant status in CDH. The surgically created lamb CDH model was used. Animals were delivered at 140 days' gestation (term 145) and immediately killed. Before delivery amniotic fluid was collected and L/S ratios and PG status were measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and analyzed for total phospholipid and percent phosphatidylcholine (PC). Analysis of the BAL showed that the CDH lungs had both significantly less total phospholipid (CDH 0.10 +/- 0.03 mg/g versus control (CON) 0.76 +/- 0.28 mg/g) and PC (CDH 38 +/- 7.3% versus CON 70 +/- 3.4%) when compared with controls. In contrast the L/S ratios (CDH 2.44 +/- 0.26 versus CON 2.01 +/- 0.32) and PG status (CDH 8.75 +/- 1.01 nmol versus CON 10.2 +/- 0.9) were the same in CDH and control animals. The BAL from the CDH lamb model has a significant surfactant deficiency. Amniotic fluid L/S ratios and PG status were, however, not different between the control and CDH lambs. These results indicate that amniotic fluid L/S ratios and PG do not accurately predict the surfactant status of a fetus with CDH.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7760231&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 May 1;329(1):24-30.
Reaction of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in human plasma: the role of peroxidase and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.
Nagata Y, Yamamoto Y, Niki E.
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
In order to elucidate the reason why phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide is unstable in human plasma, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PLPC-OOH) was incubated aerobically in human plasma at 37 degrees C, and its decomposition products were measured. The major product was the corresponding alcohol (PLPC-OH) and this reduction probably occurred by an enzymatic process since no acceleration in ascorbate depletion and no significant decrease in other plasma antioxidants were observed upon addition of PLPC-OOH. Cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxide and its alcohol (Ch18:2-OH) were also detected as minor products. Similarly, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide gave its alcohol (SAPC-OH) as a major product and cholesteryl arachidonate hydroperoxide and its hydroxide (Ch20:4=OH) as minor products. These oxidized cholesteryl esters are likely to be produced by the action of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) present in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) since (a) incubation of PLPC-OH and SAPC-OH in human plasma gave Ch18:2-OH and Ch20:4-OH, respectively, (b) isolated human HDL converted PLPC-OH to Ch18:2 OH and SAPC-OH to Ch20:4-OH while isolated human low-density lipoprotein was inactive for this conversion, and (c) formation of oxidized cholesteryl esters in plasma and HDL was inhibited by the LCAT inhibitor 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). A possible beneficial role of LCAT for converting phosphatdylcholine hydroperoxide to cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide is also discussed.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8619631&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Z Naturforsch [C]. 1992 Jan-Feb;47(1-2):148-54.
Differences in membrane order between C3H 10 T1/2 cells and their transformed counterparts as measured by EPR.
Grossi GF, Durante M, Napolitano M, Lanzone A, Riccardi P, Santini MT.
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Membrane order of mouse embryo fibroblasts and their ionizing radiation and chemically transformed counterparts was investigated using EPR spectroscopy after labeling the membrane of the cells with the fatty acid spin label, 5-nitroxy stearic acid. The EPR spectra were recorded at temperatures ranging from 18 to 38 degrees C for both control and transformed cells. The distance between the outer hyperfine splitting (2T' parallel), which is used as indicator of membrane order, varies in these two cell types. Below 28 degrees C. 2T' parallel is higher in transformed fibroblasts than in normal cells, whereas above this temperature membrane order is the same. Lipid analysis as carried out by the measurement of the cholesterol/membrane proteins and sphingomyelin/lecithin ratios, showed no difference in the amounts of the main membrane rigidifiers. These findings suggest that cell transformation of mouse fibroblasts induced by radiation or chemicals may produce alterations in the cell membrane, as evidenced by variations in its order at low temperature. These measured differences are presumably not attributable to its fatty acids composition but to its glycoproteins content, since changes in membrane rigidifiers were not observed between normal and transformed cells.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1319165&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature || Lecithin online literature
Buy Rx Online || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Hair Million, excellent herbal formula, wards off hair loss and promotes hair growth || Buy Tramadol || Dream Pharmaceuticals Online Pharmacy: Buy Rx Online || Lecithin product online guide ||