References: Lecithin
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Aug;159(2):457-63.
Fetal lung maturity in diabetic pregnancies: relation among amniotic fluid insulin, prolactin, and lecithin.
Fadel HE, Saad SA, Davis H, Nelson GH.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia Hospital and Clinics, Augusta.
Insulin, prolactin, and lecithin phosphorus levels were measured in 97, 62, and 44 amniotic fluid samples from third trimester normal, gestational diabetic, and insulin-dependent diabetic patients, respectively. There was no difference in lecithin phosphorus concentration (index of fetal lung maturity) among the three groups. The amniotic fluid insulin level was significantly higher in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, whereas there was no difference in amniotic fluid prolactin levels among the groups. Correlations of amniotic fluid prolactin levels with both lecithin phosphorus and insulin levels were not statistically significant in any of the groups. This is probably because amniotic fluid prolactin is decidual, rather than fetal, in origin. Even though amniotic fluid insulin levels, which reflect fetal levels, were significantly higher in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, there was no difference in the amniotic fluid lecithin phosphorus concentration in diabetic pregnancies compared with that in normal pregnancies. Moreover, there was a positive, and not a negative, correlation between amniotic fluid insulin and amniotic fluid lecithin phosphorus levels in diabetic pregnancies. These results do not support the theory that fetal hyperinsulinemia results in delayed pulmonic maturation in diabetic pregnancies.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3044115&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Anesth Analg. 1996 Apr;82(4):796-802.
Intravenous lecithin-coated microcrystals of dantrolene are effective in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia: an investigation in rats, dogs, and swine.
Karan SM, Lojeski EW, Haynes DH, Bina S, Wesche DL, Boedeker BH, Muldoon SM.
Department of Anesthesiology, F. Edward Herbert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Dantrolene effectively treats malignant hyperthermia (MH) hut the current form, Dantrium, must be dissolved to a 0.33 mg/mL, pH 9.5 solution. This study describes lecithin-coated microcrystal formulations of sodium dantrolene (MC-NaD) and neutral dantrolene (MC-D) which reconstitute to 200 mg/mL within 1 min. In rats, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MC-NaD and Dantrium were similar: half-lives of 3.1 h, volume distributions of 0.54 and 0.59 L/kg, and 95% effective dose (ED95) values for depression of skeletal muscle twitch height (ED95T) of 2.6 +/- 0.7 and 2.8 +/- 0.5 mg/kg. In swine, the ED95T values for MC-NaD and Dantrium were also similar (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 mg/kg), but MC-D and Dantrium were only similar at doses more than 2.5 mg/kg (ED95T: 3.5 +/- 0.4 vs 2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/kg). In susceptible swine, MC-NaD successfully treated five of six MH episodes and prevented MH in three of four swine. However, MC-NaD caused marked pulmonary hypertension in swine, while MC-D caused only a mild response that was eliminated by filtration. Likewise, MC-D caused no pulmonary response in dogs. These observations suggest that MC-D has potential to improve the treatment of MH.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8615500&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1992 Oct;44(10):1269-76.
[Assessment of fetal lung maturity using newly developed immunological measurement of fetal pulmonary surfactant apoprotein-A in amniotic fluid]
[Article in Japanese]
Satoh K, Sakata H, Nishijima S, Fujimoto S, Koga Y, Nakano H, Maeda H, Matsumoto N, Nakabayashi M, Takagi K, et al.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo.
The level of immunoreactive lung surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) was determined with a newly developed one-step ELISA kit (TDR-20) in 217 samples obtained by transabdominal or transvaginal amniocentesis from 217 pregnant women with high risk pregnancy. The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography, disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) values, shake test and the stable microbubble method were done simultaneously to compare diagnostic reliability in estimating fetal lung maturity. Amniotic fluid SP-A levels increased with advancing gestational age and correlated well with the values obtained by the other methods. When the cut-off SP-A value for the assessment of lung maturity was set at 1,700ng/ml in the amniotic fluid obtained within 24h before delivery, the true-negative rate for RDS was 71% and the true-positive rate for non-RDS was 83%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 83% and 88%, respectively. These results are comparable with those for the L/S ratio, DSPC determination and the stable microbubble method, and were slightly better than those for the shake test. In conclusion, this newly developed ELISA kit for the measurement of amniotic fluid SP-A is more effective than other methods currently available for the evaluation of fetal lung maturity, when it is considered that it requires only 0.2ml of amniotic fluid and provides results in only 2h without technical difficulties.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1431440&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Lecithin online literature
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