References: Lecithin
J Lipid Res. 1994 Feb;35(2):291-300.
High density lipoproteins with differing apolipoproteins: relationships to postprandial lipemia, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
Mowri HO, Patsch JR, Ritsch A, Foger B, Brown S, Patsch W.
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.
To gain insight into metabolic determinants of high density lipoproteins (HDL) containing apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (LpA-I/A-II) and those containing A-I, but devoid of A-II (LpA-I), the plasma concentration of LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II within the HDL2 and HDL3 density spectrum was measured in 14 normolipidemic male subjects on a standardized diet. Apolipoprotein plasma concentrations of HDL subspecies were compared with the magnitude of postprandial lipemia, activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in postheparin plasma, plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mass. Plasma levels of LpA-I/A-II were 2.5 times higher than levels of LpA-I (123 +/- 20 vs. 48.3 +/- 22.1 mg protein/dl) and the partition of LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II between HDL2 and HDL3 differed in that the proportion of LpA-I associated with HDL2 was greater than that of LpA-I/A-II (23 +/- 19 vs. 6 +/- 6%, P < 0.002). With increasing levels of HDL2, the proportion of LpA-I in HDL2 increased (P < 0.002). Furthermore, levels of LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II were strongly correlated within the HDL2 but not within the HDL3 density region. Plasma levels of LpA-I, but not LpA-I/A-II, were inversely correlated with the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. However, activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase tended to show stronger associations with the partition of LpA-I/A-II between HDL2 and HDL3 than with that of LpA-I. Within the HDL3, but not the HDL2 density spectrum, LpA-I/A-II exhibited a positive association with plasma LCAT activity, while LpA-I displayed an in
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Apr 6;1255(3):267-72.
Regulation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase by TGF-beta and interleukin-6.
Skretting G, Gjernes E, Prydz H.
Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Norway.
The human hepatoma derived HepG2 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) +/- dexamethasone. The effects of treatment on lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalytic activity and mRNA level as well as on the apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) mRNA level were determined. Both the LCAT activity in medium from treated HepG2 cells and the LCAT mRNA level were decreased by TGF-beta. There was no significant effect of IL-6 +/- dexamethasone, neither on the LCAT activity nor on LCAT mRNA levels. Treatment with dexamethasone alone resulted in a decreased LCAT activity in spite of a slight increase in LCAT mRNA level. The apo A-I mRNA level was reduced after treatment with TGF-beta and increased after treatment with IL-6 +/- dexamethasone and dexamethasone alone. To analyze if the effects on mRNA levels were caused by transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms, run-on experiments on isolated nuclei from treated HepG2 cells and mRNA degradation experiments were performed. The transcription rate of the LCAT gene was not affected by TGF-beta, but was increased (50-100%) after treatment with IL-6 +/- dexamethasone and dexamethasone alone. The transcription rate of the apo A-I gene was reduced (20%) by TGF-beta and increased (30-60%) by IL-6 +/- dexamethasone and dexamethasone alone. Both dexamethasone and TGF-beta increased the rate of LCAT mRNA degradation. These results show that the reduced LCAT mRNA level after treatment with TGF-beta was caused by post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7734442&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Physiol Res. 1992;41(4):263-6.
High sensitivity of PHHC rat to dietary cholesterol.
Befekadu G, Kovar J, Poledne R.
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Prague.
The Prague Hereditary Hypercholesterolaemic (PHHC) rat is a strain of the Wistar rat very sensitive to dietary cholesterol. The dynamics of changes in serum and liver lipids and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were studied immediately after the switch to a high cholesterol diet. Immediate cumulation of free and esterified cholesterol in the liver after the increase in alimentary cholesterol intake is supposed to be the regulating step leading to a subsequent increase in serum cholesterol concentration. Activity of LCAT was negatively correlated to the concentration of free cholesterol in the liver, very early after the cholesterol diet was introduced, a possibility of a down regulation of enzyme synthesis similarly to the regulation of synthesis of cholesterol in hepatocytes was observed.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1286094&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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