References: Lecithin
Int J Pharm. 2004 Apr 1;273(1-2):75-83.
[In Process Citation]
Seki J, Sonoke S, Saheki A, Fukui H, Sasaki H, Mayumi T.
Pharmacy Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-Monguchicho, Kissyoin, Minami-Ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan.
We attempted to develop an artificial lipoprotein-like particle, lipid nano-sphere (LNS((R))), incorporating dexamethasone palmitate (DMP). LNS is 25-50nm in diameter and is composed of soybean oil and egg lecithin. Potential drug carriers were compared with a conventional fat emulsion for intravenous nutrition, lipid microsphere (LM, [Formula: see text] -300nm), which is already used clinically. LM easily entered reticuloendothelial systems, such as the liver, and was rapidly cleared from the circulation. However, LNS showed much higher plasma levels of DMP after intravenous administration to rats and recovered more than 80% of the injected dose in the perfusate in single-pass rat liver perfusion. The calculated volume for the distribution of the lipid emulsion within the liver showed that LNS underwent fenestration and was distributed into the Disse space in the liver. Because of the lower uptake of LNS particles by the liver, LNS showed good recovery from the liver and prolonged the plasma half-life of DMP after intravenous injection. In addition, higher efficiency in the targeting of DMP into inflammation sites and higher anti-inflammatory efficacy were observed in LNS. Thus, LNS easily and selectively passed through the leaky capillary wall by passive diffusion depending on the plasma concentration. Nanometer-sized lipid emulsion particles, LNS, seem to be a promising carrier system for passive drug targeting of lipophilic drugs.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15010132&dopt=Abstract lecithin [PubMed - in process]
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S33.
Relationships between growth and retention of dietary lipids in juvenile southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii.
Ward LR, Carter CG, Crear BJ, Nichols PD, Johnston DJ.
School of Aquaculture, TAFI, University of Tasmania, Launceston TAS 7250.
Background - Diet development for the new aquaculture candidate, the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii is based presently on fish meal-fish oil based diets. Novel dietary lipid sources were included in formulated diets in order to assess the effect on lobster growth and energy utilization in the main energy storage organ, the digestive gland. Objective - To investigate the relationship between dietary lipid source and growth, body lipid composition and histology of the digestive gland in the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Design - Commercial lipid sources (fish oil, tuna oil, canola oil and lecithin) and marine meals containing lipid (fish meal, squid meal and mussel meal) were formulated to make six isoenergetic and isolipidic diets. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of 15 lobsters (1.5 g) over a 12 week period. Lobster growth, biochemical composition, digestive gland fatty acid, lipid class and histology were assessed. Outcomes - The replacement of fish oil with alternative marine or terrestrial oils yielded no differences in weight gain or survival of lobsters; however the productive protein value was closely correlated with the dietary lipid class profiles. Diets containing the mussel meal promoted significantly faster growth than lobsters fed squid meal. The productive protein values were correlated to the dietary lipid class structure and the lipid storage in the digestive gland assessed by histology. Conclusions - There appears significant potential to replace fish oil in formulated diets for southern rock lobster, without affecting growth. However, using this new information on lobster lipid utilization, more efficient diets may be formulated to optimize productive protein values and increas
Cytobios. 1992;71(284):29-36.
Regulation of Staphylococcus protease using complement, interferon and immunoglobulin as substrates.
Kuo WN, Ganesan U, Davis DL, Jean MN, White TK, McCall LK, Gurnee ML.
Division of Science and Mathematics, Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach, Florida 32115.
The effects of various agents on the cleavage of serum albumin, interferon, immunoglobulin and complement component C1q by the extracellular protease from Staphylococcus aureus were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Arachidonic acid moderately stimulated the proteolysis of serum albumin, interferon and complement component. Phosphatidic acid effectively enhanced the proteolysis of serum albumin and IgG, whereas it inhibited the cleavage of IgM. The proteolysis of IgG was appreciably enhanced by sphingosine. In contrast, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl glycerol were shown to have an inhibitory effect on the proteolysis of IgG and IgM. Phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine also inhibited the proteolysis of IgG. The failure of any of these agents to exert a persistent effect on the cleavage of all substrates, revealed the complexity of the interactions among the agent, the substrate and the protease.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1283122&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1992;38:173-89.
[Effect of thyroxine on lung maturation in rabbit fetuses]
[Article in Polish]
Baryla-Pankiewicz E.
Kliniki Patologii Ciazy, Porodu Instytutu Poloznictwa, Ginekologii Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej.
The material comprised 11 pregnant rabbits and 95 fetuses stemming from these rabbits. On the 27-th day of pregnancy laparotomy was performed and 1 microgram of thyroxin was administered to the amniotic sac of each fetus in one uterine horn. The fetuses in the second uterine horn, considered as control group, received 0.9% NaCl into their amniotic sac. On the 28-th day cesarean section was carried out, the fluid was collected, the fetuses were taken out, they were weighed and after the lapse of 45 minutes sacrificed by decapitation. The isolated lungs of the fetuses and the amniotic fluid provided the material for further studies. In the amniotic fluid, the content of lecithin and sphingomyelin was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The lungs of fetuses furnished material being used for accomplishing the following types of investigations: determination of mass weight of the wet lungs, and lungs mass after drying, biochemical examination--lecithin and sphingomyelin content in lung homogenates by thin-layer chromatography; histological examination: hematoxylin and eosin stainings by PAS method, argentation by Perdrau method, oil red, toluidine blue stainings as well as electron microscope examination. It has been disclosed that thyroxin administered into the amniotic sac accelerates the fetal lung maturation in rabbits, expressed by higher content of lecithin and by higher ratio of lecithin to sphyngomyelin in fetal lung homogenates at biochemical examinations; it exerts positive effect on the body mass of fetuses and the fetal lung mass, but it fails to influence the lung hydration degree, the sphyngomyelin content in lung homogenates as well as the content of lecithin in the amniotic fluid. The results of histological examination under light mi
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