References: Lecithin
Anesth Analg. 2004 Mar;98(3):687-91, table of contents.
The pharmacodynamic effects of a lower-lipid emulsion of propofol: a comparison with the standard propofol emulsion.
Song D, Hamza M, White PF, Klein K, Recart A, Khodaparast O.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9068, USA.
Using a randomized, double-blind protocol design, we compared a new lower-lipid emulsion of propofol (Ampofol) containing propofol 1%, soybean oil 5%, and egg lecithin 0.6% with the most commonly used formulation of propofol (Diprivan) with respect to onset of action and recovery profiles, as well as intraoperative efficacy, when administered for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia as part of a "balanced" anesthetic technique in 63 healthy outpatients. Anesthesia was induced with sufentanil 0.1 microg/kg (or fentanyl 1 microg/kg) and propofol 2 mg/kg IV and maintained with a variable-rate propofol infusion, 120-200 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Onset times to loss of the eyelash reflex and dropping a syringe were recorded. Severity of pain on injection, speed of induction, intraoperative hemodynamic variables, and electroencephalographic bispectral index values were assessed. Recovery times to opening eyes and orientation were noted. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences between Ampofol and Diprivan with respect to onset times, speed of induction, anesthetic dose requirements, bispectral index values, hemodynamic variables, recovery variables, or patient satisfaction. However, the incidence of pain on injection was more frequent in the Ampofol group (26% versus 6%, P < 0.05). We conclude that Ampofol is equipotent to Diprivan with respect to its anesthetic properties but was associated with a more frequent incidence of mild pain on injection. IMPLICATIONS: The pharmacodynamic profile of a lower-lipid containing emulsion of propofol (Ampofol) was compared with Diprivan when administered fo
J Lipid Res. 1988 Sep;29(9):1127-37.
Heterogeneity of nascent high density lipoproteins secreted by the hepatoma-derived cell line, Hep G2.
McCall MR, Forte TM, Shore VG.
Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Nondenaturing gradient gel analysis of high density lipoproteins (HDL, d 1.063-1.235 g/ml) isolated from Hep G2 24-hr, serum-free conditioned media shows four distinct, reproducible particle subclasses I, II, III, and IV with apparent Stokes' diameters of 13.3, 12.0, 9.5, and 7.4 nm, respectively. Fractions enriched in lipoproteins from each of these subclasses were isolated by either density gradient ultracentrifugation or gel filtration chromatography and characterized. Size and morphology of the isolated subclasses agreed well regardless of isolation procedure. Electron microscopy revealed subclasses I, II, and III to be disc-shaped, and subclass IV to be spherical. The discoidal subclasses were poor in cholesteryl ester and rich in phospholipid and unesterified cholesterol. The larger-sized subclass I particles were enriched in apolipoprotein (apo) E while subclasses II and III had decreasing amounts of apoE and increasing amounts of apoA-I and A-II. The spherical subclass IV particles contained a higher percentage of protein and had a higher ratio of cholesteryl ester to unesterified cholesterol than that found in the other subclasses. Subclass IV contained predominantly apoA-I. The subclasses isolated from Hep G2 HDL appear to share many similarities with those isolated from patients with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and are therefore potentially useful in examining the transformation of nascent HDL particles to mature circulating plasma forms.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2846733&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Dermatol Surg. 2004 Mar;30(3):422-7.
Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review.
Ablon G, Rotunda AM.
West Los Angeles Veteran Administration Medical Center Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
BACKGROUND. : Injectable phosphatidylcholine, a lecithin-derived phospholipid, has been previously demonstrated to improve the appearance of infraorbital fat pad herniation. Current use internationally has led to a significant interest in this novel substance. OBJECTIVE. : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of injectable phosphatidylcholine, we conducted an open-label study for the treatment of infraorbital fat pad herniation. METHODS. : Patients received 0.4-mL phosphatidylcholine (50 mg/mL) injections within infraorbital fat pads every 2 weeks. Patient and physician grading of fat herniation, side effects, digital photographs, and a follow-up questionnaire was recorded. RESULTS. : Ten of the 13 enrolled patients had three to five treatments. Improvements in fat herniation were reported in 80% and 70% of patients as graded by the physician and patients, respectively. Sixty percent of patients assessed their improvement as equal or greater than 5 points (on a 10-point fat herniation scale); however, the physician judged 40% of patients improving to this degree. Little or no response was seen in three patients. Side effects included burning, erythema, and swelling at the injection site. At follow-up averaging 9 months, 50% of patients reported persistence of benefit, 20% experienced some fading, and 30% were the nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS. : Injectable phosphatidylcholine is a novel treatment for infraorbital fat herniation that may benefit some patients who are considering blepharoplasty. Larger studies evaluating long-term safety and efficacy of phosphatidylcholine for cosmetic purposes are warranted.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15008874&dopt=Abstract lecithin [PubMed - in process]
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