References: Lecithin
Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 Oct;26(10):749-50.
[Study on supercritical CO2 extraction of lecithin from radix polygoni multiflori preparata by orthogonal design]
[Article in Chinese]
Bai Y, Ge F.
Guangdong College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510224.
OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal supercritical CO2 fluid extraction process for Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, the extraction process was studied by orthogonal design with the yield of lectithin as index. METHODS: Four factors were chosen in this experiment, including extractor pressure, extractor temperature, separator I pressure and separator I temperature. The ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry was applied for the determination of lecithin in all different experimental conditions. RESULTS: The optimal supercritical CO2 fluid extraction process was: extractor pressure 32 MPa, extractor temperature 50 degrees C, separator I pressure 6 MPa and separator I temperature 55 degrees C. CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional extraction methods, SFE-CO2 process has the predominance of saving solvent and shortening the technology process, which is exactly suitable for industralization manufacture.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14768396&dopt=Abstract lecithin [PubMed - in process]
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Oct 5;935(3):312-21.
Quantitative analyses of the uncoupling activity of substituted phenols with mitochondria from flight muscles of house flies.
Miyoshi H, Fujita T.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan.
Uncoupling activity with flight-muscle mitochondria from house flies was measured for a series of weakly acidic uncouplers (substituted phenols) and compared with the protonophoric potency across lecithin liposomal membranes. The activity was linearly related to the protonophoric potency when such factors as the stability of anionic species in the membrane phase and the difference in the pH conditions of the extramembranous aqueous phase were taken into account. Relationships of the flight-muscle activity with activities measured previously with rat-liver mitochondria and spinach chloroplasts were linear. Our findings were further evidence for the shuttle-type mechanism of the uncoupling action of weakly acidic uncouplers.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2844258&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biochemistry. 2004 Feb 17;43(6):1685-93.
Cholesterol crystal nucleation from enzymatically modified low-density lipoproteins: combined effect of sphingomyelinase and cholesterol esterase.
Guarino AJ, Tulenko TN, Wrenn SP.
Chemical Engineering Department, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, CAT Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
An assay detecting and quantifying cholesterol nucleation from low-density lipoproteins has been established. Forster resonance energy transfer between dehydroergosterol and dansylated lecithin becomes significantly alleviated as a consequence of conucleation of dehydroergosterol and cholesterol. The assay, in combination with dynamic light scattering, absorbance spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, can be used to study aggregation and nucleation in model blood systems. Human plasma LDL was labeled with dehydroergosterol and dansylated lecithin by incubation with donor multilamellar liposomes and isolated by centrifugation. Exposure of labeled LDL (0.5 mg/mL of total lipids) to sphingomyelinase (0.0-0.2 unit/mL) led to modest particle aggregation but produced no changes in energy transfer and no crystallization. However, addition of sphingomyelinase produced significant particle aggregation, nucleation, and crystallization, in a dose-dependent fashion, in samples that were previously treated with the enzyme, cholesterol esterase (0.2 unit/mL). The combination of cholesterol esterase and sphingomyelinase led to a significant alleviation of energy transfer, which preceded by 24 h the appearance of fluorescent, microscopic sterol crystals. These results point to a synergistic effect between cholesterol esterase and sphingomyelinase, suggesting that mere aggregation of LDL is insufficient to promote nucleation, and crystal formation likely proceeds in the intracellular space after LDL uptake by macrophages.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14769046&dopt=Abstract lecithin [PubMed - in process]
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