References: Lecithin
J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Sep;30(9):2225-9. ["Free in PMC","window.top.location='http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=1400984'","",""],
Growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, T. pectinovorum, T. socranskii, and T. vincentii in a chemically defined medium.
Wyss C.
Department of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, Dental Institute of the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
A chemically defined medium, OMIZ (Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Zurich)-W1 was developed. Medium OMIZ-W1 supports the long-term proliferation of a wide range of oral anaerobes, including representative strains of four Treponema species and Porphyromonas gingivalis. High concentrations of ascorbic acid and ammonium ions proved to be important for the growth of these organisms. T. denticola CD-1 grew in the absence of polyamines and long-chain fatty acids, T. pectinovorum and T. socranskii required polyamines, whereas T. vincentii depended on both polyamines and lecithin for growth. Specific requirements for purines and/or pyrimidines were detected, and these requirements could be used to distinguish Haemophilus-Actinobacillus group organisms. Some strains of P. gingivalis grew without vitamin K, while others were not satisfied by menadione but required its precursor 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Protoporphyrin IX or hemin equally satisfied the porphyrin requirements of P. gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus, whereas ferrous sulfate was more efficiently used as a source of iron than was hemin. The cellular cohesiveness of P. gingivalis increased with high concentrations of hemin in the growth medium. Prevotella intermedia, B. forsythus, and several strains of P. gingivalis were more fastidious and required a protein or serum supplement to grow in medium OMIZ-W1.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1400984&dopt=Abstract lecithin
farmaco.unimaas.nl
Production of superoxide radicals from doxorubicin is widely accepted to be the cause of the cardiotoxicity induced by this antitumor agent. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase could improve the therapeutic application. Aim of the present study was to determine whether lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) can serve as a cardioprotective drug during doxorubicin treatment. The protective potential of PC-SOD on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated in BALB/c mice. The possible influence of PC-SOD on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. Mice were treated intravenously with doxorubicin (4 mg x kg(-1)) or doxorubicin and PC-SOD (5000, 20000 or 80000 U x kg(-1)) weekly x 6 and appropriate controls were included. Cardiotoxicity was monitored for 8 weeks by ECG measurement. The influence of PC-SOD on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin was evaluated in three human malignant cell lines. Nude mice bearing OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer xenografts were treated intravenously with doxorubicin (8 mg x kg(-1)) alone or preceded by PC-SOD 20000 or 80000 U x kg(-1) weekly x 2 and appropriate controls were included. PC-SOD prevented doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity already at 5000 U x kg(-1) whereas 20000 and 80000 U x kg(-1) were equally protective. No toxicity was observed in mice treated with PC-SOD. PC-SOD did not interfere with the antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin in vitro. In vivo, PC-SOD had no negative effect on the inhibition of xenograft growth induced by doxorubicin.It can be concluded that PC-SOD protects the heart, but not the tumor against doxorubicin. These data suggest tha
J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2003 Sep-Dec;6(3):315-320.
Permeation prediction of M100240 using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay.
Hwang KK, Martin NE, Jiang L, Zhu C.
Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA.
PURPOSE: Kansy et al [5] first introduced the Parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) in 1998. In this system, the permeability through a membrane formed by a mixture of lecithin and an inert organic solvent on a filter support is assessed. PAMPA shows definite trends in the ability of molecules to permeate membranes by transcellular passive diffusion. Its simplicity, low cost, high throughput, and wide pH range make it very attractive in modern drug discovery. Based on this concept, Whohnsland et al[1], Sugano et al[12] and Zhu et al [9] modified the assay and used it to screen compound permeability. We used PAMPA for the permeation prediction of M100240, which was unable to be determined by cell-based assays due to compound instability. METHODS: In this study, 92 commercially available agents provided the structural diversity used to generate a mathematical prediction model for human fraction absorbed, M100240 -- an acetate thioester of MDL 100,173. Permeation of M100240 and MDL 100,173 was evaluated using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). The donor and recipient solutions consisted of 0.5N HCl (pH 1.5) or phosphate-buffered saline (pH 5.5 or 7.4) with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide. The donor solution also contained 200 mM M100240 or MDL 100,173. RESULTS: M100240 had a medium permeation at pH 5.5 (2.99%), corresponding to a high predicted Fa in humans (92%). Permeation of MDL 100,173 was low at this pH (0.72%), corresponding to a medium-to-low predicted Fa (46). At pH 7.4, the permeation of M100240 was low (~ 1%) and no permeation was apparent for MDL 100,173. CONCLUSIONS: We predicted M100240 is likely to be well absorbed via passive diffusion across the human gastrointestinal tr
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