References: Lecithin
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1997 Jun;15(2):77-80.
Effect of histamine on lecithin content in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of rat.
Janardhana Rao G.
Physiology Department, Medical School, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan.
Deficiency of surfactant in alveoli leads to increased resistance to breathing. Histamine is a mediator in allergic respiratory diseases. Though the bronchoconstrictor effect of histamine is well recognised, histamine may have additional actions that contribute to pathogenesis in these diseases. The present study aimed to observe the effect of histamine on lecithin, a major component of alveolar surfactant. Lecithin content in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of healthy adult male rats was estimated by enzymatic method using Boehringer-Mannheim kits. Lecithin content in these control animals was compared with that in three groups of healthy adult male rats following subcutaneous administration of 0.06 mg of histamine diphosphate at 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes intervals, respectively. A significant reduction in lecithin levels in BAL fluid was observed up to one hour after administration of histamine. The results indicate a possible additional action of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9346270&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Poult Sci. 1995 Aug;74(8):1335-40.
The nutritive value of dietary fats in relation to their chemical composition. Apparent fat availability and metabolizable energy in two-week-old chicks.
Blanch A, Barroeta AC, Baucells MD, Puchal F.
Unitat de Nutricio i Alimentacio Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Broiler chicks at 2 wk of age were fed the following fats and oils at 4% in a corn-wheat-soybean basal diet: palm oil (PO); tallow (T1 and T2); tallow + soybean oil (50:50, TSO); tallow+acidulated soybean oil soapstock (50:50, TASO); soybean oil (SO); and linseed oil (LO). All of these, with the exception of T1, contained 5% soybean lecithin. The apparent fat availability (AFA) and AME of added fats ranged from 78.8 to 96.0% and from 7.32 to 8.95 kcal/g, respectively. Three fat sources (TSO, SO, and LO) resulted in the highest values for these two measurements, whereas PO, T1, T2, and TASO showed the lowest values. There was no difference for AME of diets among fat-supplemented treatments, regardless of the difference in the nutritive values of the fats and oils tested. The apparent availability of each fatty acid (AAFA) for C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 was calculated from the analysis of the diets and excreta collected over a 4-d period. The results of the present study indicated that 2-wk-old chicks utilize TSO, SO, and LO more efficiently than PO, T1, T2, and TASO.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7479513&dopt=Abstract lecithin
J Nutr. 1993 Aug;123(8):1435-43.
Dietary vitamin A restriction produces marginal vitamin A status in young rats.
Gardner EM, Ross AC.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
A model of marginal vitamin A deficiency was developed in young rats by limiting the vitamin A intake of dams and of offspring postweaning. Prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation, female rats were fed diets in which the vitamin A concentration was either low marginal [0.18 retinol equivalent (RE)/g diet], high marginal (0.4 RE/g) or sufficient (4 RE/g). Vitamin A restriction had no effect on dams' reproduction or litter sizes, but total retinol in liver was depleted by the end of lactation. Pups fed all diets grew steadily from birth through 35 d. The milk curd total retinol concentration of 9-d-old pups' stomachs was significantly different among the low marginal, high marginal and vitamin A-sufficient groups. By 35 d, plasma retinol concentrations of pups in the low marginal group were less than half of those in the high marginal and vitamin A-sufficient groups. The liver total retinol concentrations and lecithin retinol:acyltransferase activity of 35-d-old pups in the low and high marginal groups were much lower than those of vitamin A-sufficient pups. When pups from dams fed low marginal diet were weaned onto vitamin A-free diet, frank vitamin A deficiency was evident by 33 d of age as judged by physical signs and biochemical alterations in vitamin A status. Thus, these dietary protocols are useful in inducing early onset of either marginal or frank vitamin A deficiency.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8336215&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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