References: Lecithin
Jpn Circ J. 1995 Aug;59(8):541-6.
CETP and LCAT activities are unrelated to smoking and moderate alcohol consumption in healthy normolipidemic men.
Ito T, Nishiwaki M, Ishikawa T, Nakamura H.
First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
To distinguish between the effects of smoking and drinking on lipid metabolism, we conducted a cross-sectional study using 52 healthy normolipidemic subjects who either smoked or drank, but not both. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group S, smokers who did not drink (n = 20); Group D, drinkers who did not smoke (n = 12); and Group C, controls (n = 20), who neither drank nor smoked. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities were measured in all of the subjects, and the values obtained in Group S and Group D were compared to those of controls. Group S had lower (p < 0.01) HDL2-C and HDL3-C levels, and Group D had higher (p < 0.05) HDL2-C and HDL3-C levels than the controls, but there were no significant differences between groups with respect to CETP and LCAT activities. Thus, in healthy normolipidemic men, both smoking and drinking affect HDL-C levels as expected, but do not affect plasma CETP or LCAT activity levels.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7474298&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Anal Biochem. 1989 Jan;176(1):36-47.
Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: supports composed of membrane lipids.
Pidgeon C, Venkataram UV.
Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
Cell membranes provide an environment for several types of molecular processes and we are attempting to mimic the cell membranes' environment on a chromatography solid support. Chromatography solid supports utilizing lecithin as the bonded phase were synthesized and the HPLC behavior of hydrophilic peptides evaluated. A diC14 lecithin containing a terminal carboxy group on the C2 fatty acid chain was amidated with the surface amines of Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) silica particles. Based on elemental analysis, lecithin was coupled to Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) at a surface density near that of lecithin found in biological membranes and this novel chromatographic support material is denoted as Nucleosil-lecithin, the prototype immobilized artificial membrane. Infrared difference spectra of Nucleosil-lecithin minus Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) clearly showed amide I (1653.1 cm-1) and amide II (1550.9 cm-1) bands, giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the amide linkage. Spectral deconvolution resolved two peaks for the amide I band, and three peaks for the amide II band. This demonstrates lecithin interchain amide hydrogen bonding and/or hydrogen bonds between the lecithin amide link and unreacted silica surface amines. Nucleosil-lecithin as a solid phase mimics membranes and can be used to study the interactions of biomolecules with membranes. Our primary objective is to develop HPLC methods for studying the interaction between cell membranes and peptide sequences found near the interfaces of cell membranes. A frequency distribution of amino acids bracketing approximately 400 transmembrane peptide sequences showed Cys to be the least frequently occurring amino acid at this putative interfacial membrane region. Hydrophilic peptide analogs bearing
zedat.fu-berlin.de
Intravenously injectable o/w emulsions of drugs being poorly soluble in water and simultaneously in oils need to be produced by locating the drug in the interfacial lecithin layer, e.g. amphotericin B. For achieving this, up to now organic solvents were required. The objective was to develop a solvent-free production method for such emulsions. Drug and the pre-formed parenteral emulsion Lipofundin were mixed and subjected to high pressure homogenisation. Drug powder and emulsions were characterised regarding size and physical stability by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), laser diffractometry (LD) and zeta potential measurements. Drug incorporation was studied using light microscopy, electron microscopy (EM) and a centrifugation test to separate non-dissolved drug. Amphotericin B and carbamazepine were used as model drugs. The high streaming velocities lead to accelerated drug dissolution and partitioning into the interfacial layer (so-called "solubilisation by emulsification", SolEmuls Technology). The interfacial layer could incorporate (solubilise) a certain amount of drug, revealed by EM pictures. Exceeding this concentration, hybrid dispersions were formed consisting of drug-loaded oil droplets and drug nanocrystals of similar size (approximately 200 nm).Both dispersion types are i.v. injectable opening the opportunity to deliver the drug in a concentrated form at desired low injection volume, e.g. 10 mg/ml.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14706241&dopt=Abstract lecithin [PubMed - in process]
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