References: Lecithin
Mutat Res. 1992 Oct;269(2):193-200.
Natural antioxidants as inhibitors of oxygen species induced mutagenicity.
Minnunni M, Wolleb U, Mueller O, Pfeifer A, Aeschbacher HU.
Nestec Ltd, Nestle Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
A ternary antioxidant vitamin mix consisting of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and lecithin as well as a rosemary extract with carnosic acid and carnosol as the two major active ingredients were shown to exhibit strong antimutagenic effects in Ames tester strain TA102. This strain has been shown to be highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species. Mutagenicity was induced by the generation of oxygen radicals by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (tBOOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); therefore, the antimutagenic property of the above substances was attributed to their antioxidant properties. In the case of the vitamin mix, ascorbic acid was held responsible for this inhibitory property, whereas for the rosemary extract carnosic acid was identified as the antimutagenic agent. Since oxygen radicals are known to be involved in the multiprocess of carcinogenicity, it is concluded that these antioxidants might exhibit anticarcinogenic properties.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1383702&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biochemistry. 1997 Feb 25;36(8):2243-9.
Cholesterol efflux, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and pre-beta particle formation by serum from human apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein A-II transgenic mice consistent with the latter being less effective for reverse cholesterol transport.
Castro G, Nihoul LP, Dengremont C, de Geitere C, Delfly B, Tailleux A, Fievet C, Duverger N, Denefle P, Fruchart JC, Rubin EM.
Serlia, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France.
Studies assessing fatty streak formation in mice have revealed that human apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) transgenic mice (TgAI) have 15-fold less atherosclerosis susceptibility than combined human apolipoprotein A-I/human apolipoprotein A-II (apoAI:AII) transgenics (TgAI:AII) and 40-fold less than nontransgenic control mice. In order to examine the biochemical mechanisms underlying those in vivo observations, we have compared in vitro properties of serum from the different groups of animals for participation in cholesterol efflux, LCAT activation, and pre-beta particle formation. Analysis of cholesterol efflux from both Fu5AH hepatoma and Ob1771 adipose cells revealed serum from the TgAI to be the most efficient in promoting efflux. The two-dimensional electrophoresis of mouse serum shows that control mice have exclusively apoAI in alpha particles. TgAI and TgAI:AII mice have 30 and 38% of total apoAI in particles with pre-beta electrophoretic mobility, respectively. The distribution of cell-derived cholesterol between these apoAI-containing lipoprotein subspecies after 1 and 60 min of incubation with Fu5AH hepatoma cells was examined. This revealed after a 1 min incubation 66 +/- 8 and 83 +/- 9% of the counts in particles with pre-beta mobility for TgAI and TgAI:AII mice, respectively; while after 60 min of incubation, only 6 +/- 2% of counts remained in pre-beta particles from the TgAI and 30 +/- 3% for the TgAI:AII. This suggests faster movement of cholesterol from pre-beta to alpha particles in plasma from the
Mech Ageing Dev. 1994 Jan;73(1):69-77.
Plasma lipids and cholesterol esterification in Alzheimer's disease.
Knebl J, DeFazio P, Clearfield MB, Little L, McConathy WJ, McPherson R, Lacko AG.
Department of Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107-2690.
Eight patients and eight age matched controls were recruited to study parameters related to plasma lipoprotein metabolism in Alzheimer's disease based on previous studies in Down's syndrome (A.G. Lacko et al., Clin. Chim. Acta, 132 (1983) 133). The fractional rate of cholesterol esterification (% cholesterol esterified per hour) was 16% lower in the patient group compared with controls. Correlational analyses of lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and plasma lipids revealed additional differences between the Alzheimer's patients and control subjects. These data are strikingly similar to those obtained earlier with Down's syndrome patients. These data, combined with analyses of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels, suggest that reverse cholesterol transport in general and CETP activity in particular may be altered in Alzheimer's disease.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8028399&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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