References: Lecithin
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Phospholipid parameters -- lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and palmitic acid/stearic acid (P/S) ratio -- of gastric (GA), pharyngeal (PA), and tracheal aspirates (TA) have often been used for estimation of lung maturation. However, it was not known whether values from different sources can be alternatively used. The study was performed to test whether P/S and L/S ratios in GA, PA, and TA are comparable. 11 GA, 30 PA, and 10 TA were obtained from infants within 10 min after birth. All infants were healthy, vaginally delivered with no respiratory distress, and had a gestational age > or = 34 weeks. Patterns of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography and the L/S ratio by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found lower L/S ratios in GA (16.5 +/- 5.2) when compared with PA(39 +/- 16) or TA (41 +/- 15; p < 0.01); there were no differences between PA and TA. The P/S ratio was in the same range in PA and TA, but lower in GA. As compared with TA and PA, in GA the relative percentage of palmitic acid of all fatty acids was lower, the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids, however, higher. We conclude that phospholipid parameters of lung maturation in PA and TA, but not in GA, can be alternatively used.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9618052&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993 Dec;24(4):706-11.
An axenic culture system for the transformation of bloodstream forms to procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro.
Yabu Y.
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), Nairobi, Kenya.
An axenic culture system for continuous cultivation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei GUT at 3.1 and subsequent transformation of bloodstream forms to procyclic forms is described. Bloodstream forms were continuously grown at 37 degrees C in Iscove's modification of Dulbecco's medium (M-DMEM, with bovine serum albumin, transferrin and soybean lecithin supplemented with 100 microM hypoxanthine, 30 microns thymidine, 40 microM adenosine, 1mM sodium pyruvate, 50 microM L-glutamine, 100 microM 2-mercaptoethanol and 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. In this system, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) was essential and in the absence of 2-ME, 100 microM L-cysteine and 10 microM bathocuproine sulfonate could not be substituted for 2-ME. This culture system was useful for long-term culture of bloodstream forms of this clone. Axenic cultivation of bloodstream forms at 27 degrees C resulted in transformation to procyclic forms within 5 days in the same medium supplemented with 5 mM L-proline, 8 micrograms/ml hemin and 4 micrograms/ml hematin, respectively and, instead of FBS, 20% (v/v) hemoglobin-poor fraction of fetal bovine serum.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7939945&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Biochimie. 1989 Jan;71(1):105-9.
Influence of PAF-acether on lecithin-oriented multibilayers monitored by ESR: interaction of PAF-acether with cholesterol.
Olivier JL, Chachaty C, Wolf C, Bereziat G.
URA CNRS 217, CHU St. Antoine, Paris, France.
The influence of PAF-acether on natural ovolecithin oriented multibilayers is detected by ESR of intercalated 5 doxyl stearic acid. Simulation of lineshapes demonstrates an enlarged orientational distribution of the local director of the phospholipid phase and a small increase of the order parameter. The amount of PAF-acether required to destabilize the ovolecithin lamellar phase depends on the degree of hydration. By contrast, cholesterol displays an organizing effect on the PAF-acether phase. Simulation establishes a sharp orientational distribution of the local director when cholesterol reaches stoichiometric ratio relative to PAF-acether. At the same time, cholesterol increases the order parameter.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2541796&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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