References: Lecithin
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1989;7(4):433-9.
Microemulsions as topical delivery vehicles: ocular administration of timolol.
Gasco MR, Gallarate M, Trotta M, Bauchiero L, Gremmo E, Chiappero O.
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita di Torino, Turin, Italy.
The topical administration of timolol as an ion-pair with octanoate was achieved by use of an oil-in-water microemulsion containing lecithin as a surfactant. The microemulsion, a solution of the ion-pair and a solution of timolol alone were instilled in the conjunctival sac of rabbits. A rapid method for the separation and determination of timolol in aqueous humour by HPTLC was used. The bioavailability of timolol from the microemulsion and the ion-pair solution was higher than that obtained from timolol alone. The areas under the curve for timolol in aqueous humour after administration of the microemulsion and the ion-pair solution were 3.5 and 4.2 times higher, respectively, than that observed after the administration of timolol alone.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2490750&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1994;7(3):263-71.
The effect of combined exposure to lead and cadmium on serum lipids and lipid peroxides level in rats.
Skoczynska A, Smolik R.
Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Medical Academy, Wroclaw, Poland.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the combined exposure to lead and cadmium on serum lipids and lipid peroxides level in rats and to compare the obtained results with the effects of a single metal. Experiments were performed on male Buffalo rats which were intragastrically administered of lead acetate in doses of 70 mg Pb/kg body wt. twice a week and/or cadmium chloride in doses of 20 mg Cd/kg body wt. once a week for a period of seven weeks. One day after the feeding was over, the following parameters were measured: serum lipids, serum lipid peroxides, blood superoxide dismutase activity, and plasma cholesterol-lecithin-acyltransferase activity. Metal content (lead, copper, cadmium and zinc) in blood and liver was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No clinical signs of lead or cadmium toxicity were observed. In comparison to controls, rats poisoned with cadmium and simultaneously with lead and cadmium displayed lower total, free, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in serum. Rats poisoned with lead displayed lower total and HDL cholesterol levels in comparison to controls, but it was associated with increase of free cholesterol concentration and hypertriglyceridemia. Rats poisoned with cadmium displayed decrease of serum lipid peroxides level and increase of blood dismutase activity. It may be a consequence of redistribution of zinc and copper (increase of copper and decrease of zinc concentrations in blood). In rats treated with lead and cadmium jointly serum lipid peroxides level increased and superoxide dysmutase activity decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7842241&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Probl Khig. 1994;19:32-40.
[An experimental study of the atherogenic effect of vanadium in body uptake with drinking water]
[Article in Bulgarian]
Vodichenska Ts.
During one year toxicological experiment on white male rats, receiving orally vanadium in doses 0.005 mg/kg, equivalent to the accepted in Bulgaria norm for ist category surface waters and 0.01 mg/kg, equivalent to the actually met in the drinking waters of some regions in this country heightened concentrations, its atherogenic effect is studied by indices: total cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, phospholipid, lecithin, total lipids, total proteins, and hexoses of glycoprotein in blood serum; hydroxyproline, hexosamines, hexauronic acids and hexoses, connected with the proteins, in the aorta. A methodic approach is used for studying the atherogenic effect of vanadium on the processes of natural aging of the cardiovascular system. It is established that at chronic oral effect of the studied doses of vanadium no changes occur in the biochemical component of the connective tissue of the aorta and there are no infringements of the blood metabolism. In relation to the lipidic-only a decrease in the total cholesterol in the serum is established. The results show, that during the experiment vanadium causes no acceleration in the processes of natural aging of the blood vessels and has no atherogenic effect. Comparing the data for vanadium concentration in the drinking of Bulgaria to our results give grounds to reckon, that its heightened content in drinking waters of some regions presents no risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7845991&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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