References: Lecithin
J Reprod Fertil. 1992 May;95(1):69-77.
Effects of treatment with butylated hydroxytoluene on the susceptibility of boar spermatozoa to cold stress and dilution.
Bamba K, Cran DG.
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan.
Boar spermatozoa acquired resistance to cold shock immediately after exposure to 2.0 mmol butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) l-1 when Beltsville thawing solution was used as a basic diluent, as judged by motility (the proportion of motile spermatozoa) and acrosomal integrity. The concentration of BHT could be reduced to 0.2 mmol l-1 without decreasing the protective action. However, motility was altered in the presence of greater than 0.15 mmol BHT l-1. Beltsville freezing 5 (BF5) diluent was more effective than Beltsville thawing solution in protecting spermatozoa from cold shock, but addition of BHT to BF5 diluent did not affect the motility and acrosomal morphology of spermatozoa before or after cold shock. Dilution of BHT-treated spermatozoa with BF5 diluent did not restore motility and did not afford further protection against cold shock; it was detrimental to spermatozoa treated with 2 mmol BHT l-1 for greater than 15 min. Egg yolk or lecithin had a detrimental effect. When spermatozoa were treated with 0.05-0.10 mmol BHT l-1 before slow cooling to 5 degrees C, the progressive motility and acrosomal integrity were maintained better after storage for 6 days than in untreated spermatozoa.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1625251&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Mol Biother. 1992 Mar;4(1):24-8.
Activity of liposomal interleukin-2 in vitro.
Adibzadeh M, Weder HG, Rehbein A, Schwulera U, Obermeier J, Pawelec G.
Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Clinic, Tubingen, Germany.
Preclinical in vitro assessment of highly purified natural human interleukin-2 (IL-2) packed in egg lecithin liposomes was performed in short- and long-term T-cell cloning and propagation systems, and in experiments testing induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Liposomal IL-2 (lip-IL-2) was essentially as active as free natural or recombinant IL-2 for cloning and culture of both helper and cytotoxic alloreactive T cells. However, lip-IL-2 was found to be markedly inferior to free natural or recombinant IL-2 for the induction of LAK cells from normal donors. Nevertheless, lip-IL-2 was able to maintain LAK cytotoxicity of populations preactivated with free IL-2. These results suggest that lip-IL-2 can interact with activated T cells and LAK cells in the same way as free IL-2, but that it is much less efficient at activating LAK-cell precursors.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1627270&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Mech Ageing Dev. 1992 Jun;64(1-2):123-31.
Effect of ethinyl estradiol treatment on lipoproteins and LCAT activity in aged rats.
Lee SM, Kudchodkar BJ, Lacko AG.
Department of Biochemistry, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas, Fort Worth 76107.
The induction of hepatic lipoprotein (apo B/E) have been investigated in Fischer-344 rats. These studies were aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the previously observed (Lee et al., Mech. Ageing Dev., 61 (1991) 85-98) hypercholesterolemia and the age-related decrease in the fractional rate of endogenous cholesterol esterification. Young (5 months) and aged (22 months) male Fischer-344 rats were treated with pharmacological doses (5 mg/kg per day) of ethinyl estradiol (EE) for 7 days. Reduction of plasma cholesterol (57% in young vs 47% in aged rats) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (64% in young vs 63% in aged rats) occurred in both groups upon EE treatment. Initial low density lipoprotein levels were very low in the plasma of young rats and consequently were not affected by EE treatment. However, in aged rats, the low density lipoprotein levels were much higher initially and were markedly reduced by EE treatment. (18.0 vs 10.0 mg/dl). Very low density lipoproteins were about the same initially but increased in aged rats and decreased in young rats upon EE treatment. Both the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (as determined with a proteoliposome substrate) and the fractional rate (FR) of the endogenous cholesterol esterification decreased in treated animals compared to controls. However, the differences in the FR of the endogenous cholesterol esterification between young and aged rats (observed before treatment) were nearly abolished upon treatment. These data suggest that the previously observed age related decrease in the FR of endogenous cholesterol esterification is due to the accumulation of apolipoprotein E-rich (apo E) lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1630&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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