References: Lecithin
Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 1):E1073-82.
Disappearance of two major phosphatidylcholines from plasma is predominantly via LCAT and hepatic lipase.
Shamburek RD, Zech LA, Cooper PS, Vandenbroek JM, Schwartz CC.
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
Metabolism of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-phosphatidyl-choline (SAPC), a major phosphatidylcholine (PC) species in rat plasma, was compared with 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC (PLPC) metabolism. High-density lipoproteins containing SAPC and PLPC tracers labeled in the sn-2 fatty acid with 3H and 14C isotopes, respectively, were administered. The rats were depleted of endogenous bile acids and infused via the ileum with individual bile acids that ranged widely in hydrophobicity. The half-lives for SAPC and PLPC in plasma were 48 and 57 min, respectively. Most of the 3H activity that disappeared from plasma at 1 h was found in the liver in 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-PC, SAPC, and 1-oleoyl-2-arachidonyl-PC, indicating phospholipase A1 hydrolysis of plasma SAPC forming 2-arachidonyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, which was reacylated in the liver. Plasma PLPC also underwent phospholipase A1 hydrolysis, as reported previously. The fraction of 3H dose that accumulated in plasma cholesteryl arachidonate was two- to threefold higher than the fraction of 14C dose in cholesteryl linoleate. Multicompartmental models for SAPC and PLPC were developed that included lysophosphatidylcholines and cholesteryl esters. Bile acids did not influence plasma PC metabolism. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and phospholipase A1 (hepatic lipase) hydrolysis accounted for > or = 90% of the SAPC and PLPC that disappeared from plasma; SAPC and PLPC are comparable as substrates for hepatic lipase, but SAPC is preferred by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8997228&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;6(4):243-50.
Buffers can modulate the effect of sonication on egg lecithin liposomes.
Fiorentini D, Landi L, Barzanti V, Cabrini L.
Dipartimento di Biochimica, Universita di Bologna, Italy.
When model membranes are prepared by ultrasonic irradiation of polyunsaturated phospholipids, radical production can induce a partial degradation of the polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains and the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. A suitable buffer employed during liposome preparation, like Hepes or Tris, is able to exhibit a protective effect against lipid peroxidation. Hepes has been found to be the most effective: a 10 mM concentration provides a 70% protection after 30 min sonication. Tris, in the same conditions, exhibits a 50% protection. These findings may be explained on the basis of the rate constants of these organic buffers with hydroxyl radicals.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2806950&dopt=Abstract lecithin
Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1989;28(3):118-22.
Changes in fatty acid composition of cervical mucus lecithin during pregnancy.
Pschera H, Larsson B, Kjaeldgaard A.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
The fatty acid composition in cervical mucus was determined in 37 pregnant and 17 nonpregnant women using gas liquid chromatography. In both groups palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1) were the predominant acids comprising more than half of the total amount. Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant women had markedly elevated levels of oleic acid (18:1), while mean levels of myristic acid (14:0) and stearic acid (18:0) were significantly lower. These pregnancy-induced changes in fatty acid pattern could not be ascribed to the increased viscosity of cervical mucus. Only minor differences in fatty acid pattern were found between women in first trimester and at term. In contrast to nonpregnant controls, a significant negative correlation between levels of myristic acid (14:0) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) was found in pregnant women, indicating a redistribution of these two fatty acids during pregnancy. The present study demonstrates that pregnancy alters the fatty acid composition of cervical mucus lecithin, and that the characteristic changes are present before the 10th gestational week.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2807032&dopt=Abstract lecithin
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