laxative



References: Laxative






Prostaglandins. 1976 May;11(5):809-28.
Enteropooling assay: a test for diarrhea produced by prostaglandins.

Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Hanchar AJ, Klepper MS.

An assay (enteropooling assay) to test the diarrheogenic property of prostaglandins is described. Fasted rats are given a prostaglandins either orally or subcutaneously, and are killed 30 min later. The entire small intestine is removed and its contents collected into a test tube. The greater the volume of this intestinal fluid, the more diarrheogenic is the prostaglandin. The assay is simple, rapid, quantitative, and predictive of diarrhea. It can be used to grade the relative diarrhoegenic activity of prostaglandins as well as to test agents that may block this effect. The accumulation of fluid into the small intestine is called "enteropooling". It is the sum of (a) the fluid being excreted from the blood into the lumen, and (b) to a lesser extent, the portion of fluid already into the lumen but whose absorption is inhibited by the prostaglandin. The degree of enteropooling depends also on how much fluid flows from the small to the large intestine. Our results support the hypothesis that the diarrhea observed after administration of high doses of prostaglandins is due to accumulation of abundant fluid into the small intestine, and not intestinal hypermotility. This fluid is then carried into the large intestine and eventually expelled as diarrhea. Agents other than prostaglandins were tested for enteropooling activity. Laxatives such as castor oil, hypertonic solutions and bile salts caused enteropooling.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=935512&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Arzneimittelforschung. 1976 Apr;26(4):579-83.
[Enteral availability and therapeutic activity of proscillaridin-4'-methyl ether (author's transl)]

[Article in German]

Kramer KD, Hochrein H.

20 cardiac patients with the clinical and radiological signs of heart failure were treated alternately intravenously and orally with proscillaridin-4'-methyl ether in a 2-period change-over procedure. With medium rate full saturation a steady state was maintained under observation of electrocardiographic parameters. The maintenance dose was determined to be 1.00 mg intravenously and 1.71 mg orally. Thus, relative enteral availability was 60%. In 70% of patients cardiac recompensation could be reached only by treatment with proscillaridin-4'-methyl ether. In 9 of 20 patients undesirable side effects consisted of laxative effects.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=989015&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Psychosomatics. 1989 Spring;30(2):174-91.
Physical illness encountered in patients with eating disorders.

Hall RC, Hoffman RS, Beresford TP, Wooley B, Hall AK, Kubasak L.

Careful evaluation for medical illness with a severity rating scale of 276 eating-disorder patients admitted to hospital revealed that patients with anorexia and bulimia were at risk for developing medical complications. Severe cardiovascular complications were most likely to occur in eating-disorder patients who were also diuretic and/or laxative abusers. Forty percent of patients with bulimia had significant medical complications. The findings suggest that a medical work-up should be carefully undertaken in both anorexic and bulimic patients admitted to hospital. A mixed history of severe anorexia nervosa alternating with periods of bulimia was most likely to lead to severe life-threatening illness. Seventy percent of the bulimic patients admitted required some medical treatment. Five percent were considered severely medically ill, while 34% suffered from a significant medical disorder. Ten percent of patients with restrictive anorexia or anorexia alternating with binge/purge required intensive care unit (ICU) placement. Most illnesses requiring medical treatment were unknown to the patient and the patient's physician at the time of admission.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2710916&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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