References: Laxative
Gut. 1987 Feb;28(2):156-9.
Irritable bowel-type symptoms in spontaneous and induced constipation.
Marcus SN, Heaton KW.
The prevalence and severity of irritable bowel symptoms was assessed by systematic questioning in 44 constipated volunteers, most of whom had documented slow intestinal transit. All but two had one or more of the following: passage of mucus, rectal dissatisfaction, bloating, and abdominal pain relieved by defecation. All the symptoms were more prevalent than in 17 normal volunteers or in 301 apparently healthy people studied previously. When 12 normal subjects were made constipated with loperamide all developed one or more irritable bowel symptoms. When 24 constipated subjects received effective laxative treatment the prevalence and severity of these symptoms fell markedly. The findings suggest that in some subjects the slowing down of intestinal transit is associated with irritable bowel symptoms.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3030901&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Drugs Aging. 1991 Nov-Dec;1(6):477-86.
Drug consumption during the last decade among persons born in 1902 in Umea, Sweden. A longitudinal population study.
Osterlind PO, Bucht G.
Department of Geriatric and Long-Term Care Medicine, University of Umea, Sweden.
A population study of drug consumption among people born in 1902 was performed in Umea, Sweden. The cohort was followed between 79 and 88 years of age. The number of persons in the study varied between 124 and 72. Mean consumption increased from 2.5 to 5.2 drugs per man and from 3.3 to 5.3 per woman. The main correlate of this increase was shown to be the aging individuals' greater morbidity. Cardiovascular preparations, analgesics, psychoactive substances and drugs used to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common. At the age of 88 years, 45 to 55% of the individuals used drugs belonging to each one of these drug groups. Furthermore, during the 9 years of study there was a substantial increase in use of these drug groups except for the cardiovascular agents, of which the consumption was constant. The proportion of subjects on regular drugs increased from 82% at 79 years to 95% at 88 years of age. Benzodiazepines were, at 88 years, used by almost 40% of the population; at the same age, 43% were using laxatives and 37% diuretics. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) was the most common analgesic used. Total consumption of drugs prescribed for hypertension decreased considerably, from 23 to 10%, despite an increase in the use of loop diuretics and vasodilating agents.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1794034&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Planta Med. 1991 Oct;57(5):440-3.
Bicascarosides in fluid extracts of cascara.
de Witte P, Cuveele J, Lemli J.
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytopharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
Bianthraquinone glycosides are formed during the preparation and conservation of fluid extracts of cascara. Analysis of these preparations has shown that up to 20% of total amount of anthracene glycosides can be dimerized. These dimers are devoid of laxative activity. They are absorbed in the intestine and very slowly excreted.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1798797&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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