laxative



References: Laxative






Am J Dig Dis. 1977 Apr;22(4):280-92.
Intractable diarrhea. Intestinal perfusion studies and plasma VIP concentrations in patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome and surreptitious ingestion of laxatives and diuretics.

Krejs GJ, Walsh JH, Morawski SG, Fordtran JS.

Small-intestinal perfusion studies with a triple-lumen tube were performed in the jejunum and ileum of 11 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of pancreatic cholera syndrome (PCS). Ultimately PCS was proven to be present in only 3 patients, whereas 6 were discovered to be taking either laxatives or diuretics surreptitiously. In 2 of the 11 patients the cause of the diarrhea could not be determined. In PCS the major abnormality which we observed was that the jejunal mucosa secreted rather than absorbed when perfused with a plasma-like solution. By contrast, the ileum of the PCS patients absorbed a plasma-like solution in a normal fashion; however, one patient failed to absorb sodium and chloride when a solution with low (50 mM) sodium chloride concentration was perfused in the ileum. The volume of endogenous fluid was high in both the jejunum and ileum, presumably because of proximal small-intestinal secretion. Glucose stimulated sodium movement in an absorptive direction in each patient. Studies were repeated in one PCS patient after tumor removal, and his intestinal absorption of water and electrolytes was normal. Patients with diarrhea due to surreptitious ingestion of laxatives and diuretics showed normal absorption in the jejunum and ileum. This study shows that proximal small-bowel secretion was the major cause for diarrhea in our 3 patients with PCS. This cannot be a consequence of diarrhea per se since it was not found in patients with long-standing diarrhea due to surrepitious drug ingestion. Small-intestinal perfusion studies may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of selected cases of severe chronic diarrhea. On the other hand, measurement of plasma VIP concentration, especially by methods currently used in the Unite



Radiology. 1977 Jun;123(3):581-4.
Innominate lines of the colon. Radiological--histological correlation.

Matsuura K, Nakata H, Takeda N, Nakata S, Shimoda Y.

Radiological-histological studies showed that the normal mucosal units of the colon are bounded by the innominate lines. The lines are superficial identations of the mucosa with depths of 0.23 mm. No histological difference was demonstrated according to the three radiographic types found. These lines are demonstrable in about 90% of double-contrast examinations using 60-70% w/v barium. The colon should be prepared with dietary restriction, magnesium citrate, and contact laxative under sufficient hydration. The lines can also be demonstrated at endoscopy with dye scattering.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=860026&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Gut. 1977 Aug;18(8):666-9.
Effect of capsaicin on electrical slow waves in the isolated cat colon.

Anuras S, Christensen J, Templeman D.

Because of the laxative effect of capsaicin, we examined the effect of that agent on the electromyogram of the isolated cat colon. At a concentration of 10(-4)M, it caused a significant reduction in the frequency of the electrical slow waves in the proximal half of the colon. Frequency fell to its lowest value, 45% of control (P less than 0-001), in the most proximal 10% of the organ below the ileocecal junction, and the effect progressively diminished along the colon. In the distal half of the colon, the change in frequency was not significant. Sectioning of the colon into segments reduced the frequency of the slow waves in the proximal half of the colon, and capsaicin, in a concentration of 10(-4)M, further reduced the frequency in the segments representing the proximal 30% of the colon. This effect of capsaicin is like that reported previously with other laxative agents.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=892614&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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