References: Laxative
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982 Nov;30(11 Suppl):S81-7.
Antacids and laxatives for symptomatic relief in the elderly.
Gerbino PP, Gans JA.
Guidelines for the safe, effective use of antacids and laxatives are presented, with emphasis on the special problems and considerations of their use in the elderly. Discussed are properties affecting drug selection, dosage, measures to ensure compliance, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. Physician--patient dialogs are recommended, as is patient education about the dangers of inappropriate or excessive use of these products, and the need to obtain medical care for unremitting symptoms.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7130592&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Clin Exp Allergy. 1990 Mar;20(2):199-202.
Ispaghula sensitization in workers manufacturing a bulk laxative.
McConnochie K, Edwards JH, Fifield R.
Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, University of Wales College of Medicine, Penarth, Glamorgan, U.K.
Exposure to ispaghula dust in a pharmaceutical factory resulted in chest tightness/wheeze, nasal, and ocular or skin symptoms in 48 of 92 exposed workers. Whilst symptoms were not incapacitating in the majority (44) of these, one worker required antihistamines and three others experienced severe respiratory symptoms when exposed to the dust. These three were atopic, had a positive RAST and skin test to ispaghula; a combination unique to them. There was a significant relationship between work-related symptoms and atopic status, however, smoking did not influence symptoms, total serum IgE and specific anti-ispaghula IgE. We conclude that handling ispaghula produces an irritant effect in most exposed people, however, sensitization to the dust can occur with severe respiratory symptoms.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2357618&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1982 Nov;39(11):1925-30.
Evaluation of antacid suspensions containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
Hem SL, White JL, Buehler JD, Luber JR, Grim WM, Lipka EA.
Liquid antacid suspensions containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide were evaluated for composition, antacid properties, and product quality. The equivalent aluminum oxide and magnesium hydroxide content was determined by chelatometric titration, and sodium content was determined by flame photometry. Antacid properties measured were acid-consuming capacity, antacid effectiveness (preliminary antacid test, acid-neutralizing capacity test), and pH-stat titration. Content uniformity, consistency of the antacid properties, and microbiological content were examined for each product. Data are presented for 36 products for which samples from four or more lots were obtained. The ratio of percentage of equivalent aluminum oxide to percentage of magnesium hydroxide ranged from 1:0.6 to 1:3.5; this range allows for selection of the desired balance between the laxative effect of magnesium hydroxide and the constipating effect of aluminum hydroxide. Based on a daily dose of 280 meq of antacid, the sodium content of the products tested ranged from less than 2% to approximately 45% of the 500 mg per day of sodium allowed in a sodium-restricted diet. The concept of bioavailability was related to the amount of the antacid reacting at pH 3, 37 degrees C during the estimated gastric residence time of 15 minutes. Antacid suspensions are available which will react almost completely (neutralizing greater than 90% of the theoretical quantity of acid) during the estimated gastric residence time. Approximately 4% of the samples contained unacceptable numbers of bacteria. An antacid suspension cannot be adequately evaluated by a single test; choice of a product should be based on an evaluation that integrates several characteristics including sodium content, time and volume required to neutralize a given amount of acid, and un
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