References: Laxative
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1984 Jun;3(3):460-7.
Chronic constipation in childhood: a longitudinal study of 186 patients.
Abrahamian FP, Lloyd-Still JD.
One hundred eighty-six patients with chronic constipation and soiling were seen between 1975 and 1982. On follow-up, 47% had resolution of symptoms, with another 36% having their soiling controlled with either continuous or intermittent laxatives. Thirteen clinical features were analyzed in relation to outcome. The only predictor of poor outcome was the presence of soiling (p = 0.003), while the presence of abdominal pain correlated well with cure (p = 0.007). Fifty-five percent of patients had a positive family history for constipation. Significant psychological problems were present in 20% of patients; however, these did not appear to affect the outcome. Constipation was uncommon over the age of 12 years, and there was no evidence of the development of laxative dependence. These findings suggest that chronic idiopathic constipation of childhood may be a constitutional condition which tends to resolve with age.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6737192&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Hum Toxicol. 1983 Apr;2(2):385-9.
Experience with a screening method for laxative abuse.
de Wolff FA, Edelbroek PM, de Haas EJ, Vermeij P.
1 Abuse of laxatives may lead to a variety of serious disorders which are usually difficult to recognize because of the heterogenicity of the toxic effects. 2 In order to facilitate the diagnosis of chronic laxative poisoning, a laboratory screening method for the detection of colonic stimulants in urine has been designed and has been applied in practice over a three-year-period. 3 During this period, 157 samples from 81 patients were sent to the laboratory. Fifteen patients (18.5%) were definitely shown to use self-prescribed laxatives. 4 Next to the diphenolic compounds: bisacodyl, phenolphthalein and bisoxatin, the anthraquinone derivative rhein, a metabolite of vegetable laxatives, was found in several cases. In the urine of three patients a substance resembling rhein was found, which was shown to be aloe-emodin. 5 It is concluded that chronic self-poisoning with laxatives is a fairly common disorder than can easily be overlooked. Laboratory screening of the urine of suspected patients is an economic and reliable method for its diagnosis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6862485&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
J Pharm Sci. 1983 Apr;72(4):345-8.
Inhibition of oral lead absorption in rats by phosphate-containing products.
Aungst BJ, Fung HL.
Recent studies indicate that elevated blood lead levels in children are largely a result of exposure to this metal via the oral route. A logical approach to decrease or prevent lead intoxication would be to reduce its absorption as soon as lead ingestion is known or suspected. Presently, however, there are no readily available products recommended to accomplish this goal. It was found that a phosphate-buffered, saline laxative reduced lead absorption over 50% in rats administered a single oral lead acetate dose, presumably by promoting the formation of less soluble lead salts. A popular phosphate-containing carbonated beverage also decreased lead absorption approximately 30% after oral lead acetate or lead-based paint doses, possibly by decreasing solubility, dissolution rate and/or GI motility. It is possible that these household products, and those with similar ingredients, may be safely used to reduce lead absorption in humans.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6864468&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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