References: Laxative
Cancer. 1984 Oct 1;54(7):1475-7.
Colorectal cancer and bowel habits.
Nakamura GJ, Schneiderman LJ, Klauber MR.
In a retrospective case-control study comparing 100 colorectal cancer patients with 100 age-, race-, and sex-matched hospital controls and 51 spouse controls, no significant differences were observed in the historical frequency of bowel movements, presence of constipation, or use of laxatives between cases and controls. There is a suggestion of greater suppository or enema use in both control groups as compared to patients with colorectal cancer.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6467171&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Gut. 1984 Dec;25(12):1358-63.
Ultrastructure of mouse intestinal mucosa and changes observed after long term anthraquinone administration.
Dufour P, Gendre P.
In an attempt to study the relative toxicity of anthraquinonic laxatives on intestinal mucosa, we compared in mice the effects of fruit pulp containing sennosides A and B with those of a free anthraquinone, 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone. Observations have been made with transmission electron microscopy (EM) after 16 weeks of treatment with the two drugs. Although the doses used in this study were equipotent in terms of laxative activity, no damage to the intestinal tissue was observed with the sennosides. A number of changes, however, were detected in intestinal nervous tissues of all the animals treated with 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone, mainly in the form of vacuolisation of the axons, formation of lysosomal structures and in some cases appearances of fibrillar degeneration.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6510768&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Gastroenterology. 1984 Sep;87(3):503-12.
Effect of Senokot on rat intestinal electrolyte transport. Evidence of Ca++ dependence.
Donowitz M, Wicks J, Battisti L, Pike G, DeLellis R.
The mechanism of action of Senokot, a widely used laxative, has not been established. Senokot was given orally to rats 8-14 h before intestinal water and electrolyte transport were studied. Senokot significantly decreased colonic and jejunal water absorption measured in vivo by the single-pass perfusion technique. The Senokot changes were not associated with changes in jejunal or colonic histology or adenylate cyclase activity or colonic cyclic adenosine monophosphate content. Senokot also altered active electrolyte transport in rat descending colon as measured by the Ussing chamber-voltage clamp technique. These changes consisted of an increase in short-circuit current and a decrease in active Na and Cl transport that was due to a decrease in the mucosal-to-serosal fluxes. The changes in active electrolyte transport were dependent on Ca++ in the serosal but not the mucosal bathing solution. In contrast, addition of 10(-4) M verapamil to the serosal surface did not alter the Senokot effect. In spite of a dependence on serosal Ca++, Senokot did not alter 45Ca++ entry across the colonic serosal surface. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine (10(-4) M) also did not alter the effect of Senokot on colonic Na and Cl transport. Senokot alters active colonic Na and Cl transport via a presently unknown mechanism that is dependent on serosal Ca++.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6086440&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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