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References: Laxative

Prostaglandins. 1985 Jul;30(1):119-24.
The role of calcium in eicosanoid production induced by ricinoleic acid or the calcium ionophore A23187.

Capasso F, Tavares IA, Tsang R, Bennett A.

Rat isolated intestine incubated in Krebs solution converted exogenous [14C]-arachidonic acid into products that chromatographed with prostaglandins, leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. Accumulation of these products was increased by the laxative ricinoleic acid (0.34 mM) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (7.6 microM). In the presence of the calcium antagonists TMB-8 (0.43 microM) or verapamil (0.2 microM) the mean effects of ricinoleic acid or the calcium ionophore were smaller. Stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by ricinoleic acid therefore seems likely to involve a calcium-dependent mechanism.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2996053&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Scand J Gastroenterol. 1985 Sep;20(7):887-95.
Bulk laxatives: their dietary fibre composition, degradation, and faecal bulking capacity in the rat.

Nyman M, Asp NG.

The intestinal dietary fibre degradation and faecal bulking capacity of various bulk laxatives were investigated by means of balance experiments on rats. Nitrogen, fat, and mineral excretion in faeces was also studied. The dietary fibre content of the various bulk laxatives was quite different (in g/kg dry matter): ACO fibre tablets (barley and citrus pulp), 451; Fiberform (wheat bran-based), 817; Inolaxol (sterkulia gum), 696; and Vi-Siblin (ispaghula husk), 533. The increase in faecal dry matter per 1 g dietary fibre was similar with ACO fibre tablets, Fiberform, and Vi-Siblin. Inolaxol gave a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher faecal dry-weight increment, mainly due to an increased mineral excretion. Of the dry-weight increment, 59-82% constituted undegraded dietary fibre. Thus, 68-97% of the fibre passed through the gastrointestinal tract without being degraded. All the bulk laxatives caused a similar increase in the faecal N content, whereas the increase in faecal lipids was most pronounced with Vi-Siblin. The water-holding capacity of faeces was more pronounced with Inolaxol and Vi-Siblin than with ACO fibre tablets and Fiberform.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2996120&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Isr J Med Sci. 1986 Jan;22(1):12-5.
Pilot study of the efficacy of spent grain dietary fiber in the treatment of constipation.

Odes HS, Madar Z, Trop M, Namir S, Gross J, Cohen T.

Spent grain is the crude fiber obtained by decanting the fermented distillate of barley. The spent grain was processed to yield dietary fiber composed of: cellulose and hemicellulose 65.6% (by weight), lignin 5.2%, pectin 2.2%, protein 10.9% and lipid 8.0%. Biscuits and scones were prepared by 25% substitution of wheat flour by fiber, yielding 7 to 8 g fiber per biscuit/scone. Nineteen ambulatory patients with chronic, laxative-dependent constipation were treated in a pilot study for 4 weeks with 20 to 25 g fiber daily. Fifteen patients (79%) showed improvement in some or all of five factors, while four patients were largely unresponsive to fiber. Specific symptoms improved as follows: bowel movement frequency in 15 patients (79%), flatulence in 12 (63%), abdominal pain in 10 (53%), stool consistency in 8 (42%) and laxative dependence in 14 (74%). A 4-week post-treatment follow-up showed a return to prefiber status in 11 of 13 improved subjects. This preliminary study suggests a role for spent grain fiber in the treatment of constipated patients, and a comparative study with placebo and wheat fiber is now warranted.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3007392&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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