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References: Laxative

J Pharm Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;44(9):777-9.
Effects of long-term laxative treatment on neuropeptides in rat mesenteric vessels and caecum.

Milner P, Belai A, Tomlinson A, Hoyle CH, Sarner S, Burnstock G.

Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK.

In order to investigate the toxic effects of long-term treatment with anthraquinone laxatives, rats were fed either chocolate alone, or chocolate adulterated with senna or danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) for 5 months. Mesenteric blood vessels and the outer muscle layers of the caecum, together with the myenteric plexus, were examined using ultrastructural, histochemical, immunohistochemical and immunoassay techniques. There was no ultrastructural evidence of degeneration in either the mesenteric vessels or the caecum. In the mesenteric vessels, levels of neuropeptide Y were significantly reduced in the danthron-fed rats, but levels of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were unaffected by all treatments. In the caecum, VIP-, SP- and CGRP-immunoreactivity and catecholamine-fluorescence were unchanged by the laxative treatments.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1280681&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

East Afr Med J. 1992 Dec;69(12):663-6.
Abnormal eating attitudes among a group of Nigerian youths: I. Bulimic behaviour.

Oyewumi LK, Kazarian SS.

Clinical Evaluation Unit, London Psychiatric Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

The prevalence of bulimic behaviour, a form of abnormal attitude to eating, was investigated among three different samples of Nigerian youths. Using the Binge-Eating questionnaire, a total of 649 females comprising high-school (n = 196), university undergraduate (n = 333) and college of education (n = 120) students were surveyed. A significant proportion of the total student population engaged in bulimic behaviours of bingle-eating (21.16%) and vomiting (22.20%). The various weight control methods they used include diet pills (4.70%), diuretics (6.60%), laxatives (19.50%) and vomiting (26.20%). These findings suggested that bulimic behaviour may be as much a non-western phenomenon as it is a western phenomenon.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1298629&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Dis Colon Rectum. 1992 Feb;35(2):145-50.
Prospective assessment of biofeedback for the treatment of paradoxical puborectalis contraction.

Wexner SD, Cheape JD, Jorge JM, Heymen S, Jagelman DG.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale.

Eighteen patients with chronic constipation were diagnosed as having paradoxical puborectalis contraction (PPC) as the cause for their constipation. The diagnosis of PPC was made after office evaluation, colonic transit study, manometry, cinedefecography, and electromyography (EMG). These 18 patients had a mean duration of symptoms of 26.9 years; none of these patients had unassisted bowel movements. Fourteen patients had a mean of 4.6 laxative-induced bowel evacuations per week, and 11 patients had a mean of 4.4 enema-induced bowel evacuations per week. Patients underwent a mean of 8.9 one-hour EMG-based biofeedback sessions. At a mean follow-up of 9.1 (range, 0.5-12) months, these 18 patients had a mean of 7.3 unassisted bowel actions per week (P less than 0.0001). In addition, persistent laxative use was reported by only two patients, and, in both cases, this was once a week or less (P less than 0.001). Similarly, enema use was reported by only three patients, one once weekly and the other two thrice weekly (P less than 0.002). No biofeedback-related complications were identified. EMG-based biofeedback is a valuable technique associated with an 89 percent success rate in the treatment of PPC.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1301008&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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