laxative



References: Laxative







Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Jun;25(6):694-701.
Weight control practices of lightweight football players.

DePalma MT, Koszewski WM, Case JG, Barile RJ, DePalma BF, Oliaro SM.

Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, NY 14850.

The objective of this research was to investigate the weight control practices of lightweight football players. In addition, the importance of several variables was examined for their clinical importance and ability to identify individuals at high risk for pathogenic eating behaviors. Male college lightweight football players (N = 131) were administered a 45-item version of the Diagnostic Survey For Eating Disorders (9). Results revealed that 74% had experienced binge eating, and 17% had experienced self-induced vomiting. During the month preceding questionnaire administration, 66% had fasted, nearly 4% had used laxatives, while less than 2.5% had used diet pills, diuretics, or enemas for the purpose of weight control. Furthermore, the "teacher/coach" seemed to be the individual who motivated dieting behavior, and more than 20% of the sample reported that their weight control practices interfered with their thoughts and extracurricular activities "often" or "always." Most importantly, 42% of the sample evidenced a pattern of dysfunctional eating, while 9.9% of the sample engaged in binge-purge behavior to the degree that it might represent an eating disorder. Finally, discriminant the degree that it might represent an eating disorder. Finally, discriminant analysis yielded several variables that might be useful in identifying individuals at risk for pathogenic eating behaviors.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8321106&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Br J Nutr. 1993 May;69(3):897-902.
The effect of feeding xanthan gum on colonic function in man: correlation with in vitro determinants of bacterial breakdown.

Daly J, Tomlin J, Read NW.

Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital.

Xanthan gum (15 g/d) was given for 10 d to eighteen normal volunteers. In vivo measurements of stool output, transit time, frequency of defaecation and flatulence were compared with a preceding control period of 10 d. At the end of the control and test periods fresh faecal homogenate from each subject was anaerobically incubated with xanthan gum and control solutions to assess the ability of the bacteria to break down the gum. Xanthan gum was found to be a highly efficient laxative agent causing significant increases in stool output (P < 0.01), frequency of defaecation (P < 0.05) and flatulence (P < 0.01) whilst having variable effects on transit time. Before feeding xanthan gum, faecal samples from twelve of the eighteen subjects could reduce the viscosity of the gum in vitro. This rose to sixteen of the eighteen with significantly greater amounts (P < 0.05) of hydrogen and short-chain fatty acids also being produced, indicating bacterial adaptation in the presence of the substrate. Correlations between the in vivo and in vitro findings did not substantiate claims that the in vivo effect of a given polysaccharide can be predicted from its fermentation characteristics in vitro.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8329363&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



J Clin Gastroenterol. 1993 Jun;16(4):295-9.
Bowel habits in Israel. A cohort study.

Levy N, Stermer E, Steiner Z, Epstein L, Tamir A.

Department of Gastroenterology, Bnei-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

We interviewed 1,900 healthy subjects who belonged to one of the three following ethnic groups: (a) Ashkenazi Jews, (b) Sephardi and Oriental Jews, and (c) Arabs (including Druses)--about their bowel habits, laxative use, and beliefs about bowel action. Using stepwise logistic regression, we found that the following variables were significantly and independently related to bowel frequency: (a) sex--male > female (p = 0.0001); (b) age--young > old (p = 0.0001); (c) physical activity--high > little (p = 0.001); (d) body habitus--lean > obese (p = 0.02); (e) marital status--married > single (0 = 0.009); and (f) ethnic group--Arab > Jewish (p = 0.004). Regular use of laxatives was found in 18.4% of women and 10.8% of men (p < 0.0001). This habit was more common among Ashkenazi Jews (17%) than among Sephardi and Oriental Jews (10.7%) and Arabs (4.8%). Laxative intake was higher among the elderly (p = 0.0001) and the obese (p = 0.0004). Concerning the "ideal" bowel frequency, 12.4% of the Ashkenazis, 22.7% of the Sephardis and Oriental Jews, and 26.1% of the Arabs preferred to have at least 9 movements per week. Strikingly, 51.8% of all interviewed believed that constipation was "harmful to health;" women were more concerned than men (56.3% versus 47.5%). Subjects with a high level of education were significantly more concerned about constipation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8331261&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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