References: Laxative
Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994 Jan;29(1):29-32.
Effect of cheese on intestinal transit time and other indicators of bowel function in residents of a retirement home.
Mykkanen HM, Karhunen LJ, Korpela R, Salminen S.
Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Helsinki, Finland.
Effects of increased intake of cheese on intestinal transit time and other indicators of bowel function were studied in 21 retirement home residents (18 women and 3 men; age, 68-87 years). The study was divided into four succeeding periods: 1) 1-week basal period (usual diet); 2)3-week cheese period (extra cheese was offered as such on bread or used in cooking); 3) 3-week no-cheese period (all cheese on bread was replaced with cured meats and cold cuts, and no cheese was used in cooking); 4) 3-week follow-up period (usual diet). During the last week of each period a questionnaire was filled out on fecal frequencies, consistency of feces (soft, normal, hard), and occurrence of abdominal pain and flatulence. Use of laxative medications and therapeutic foods (prunes) was registered. Eleven of the 21 subjects collected fecal samples for the determination of fecal wet weight and intestinal transit time by means of radiopaque Sitzmark capsules. Intakes of cheese, fiber-containing foods, and fluids by these 11 subjects during meals offered in the cafeteria were recorded on a prefilled questionnaire. In spite of a 10-fold increase in the intake of cheese no change in intestinal transit time, fecal frequency, fecal wet weight, consistency of feces, and occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms was observed. The use of laxative medication was higher during the cheese period, but no change in the combined use of laxative medication and therapeutic foods (prunes) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8128174&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Ther Umsch. 1994 Mar;51(3):190-202.
[Therapeutic strategy in constipation]
[Article in German]
Schmidbaur W, Korda-Schmidbaur P, Wienbeck M.
III. Medizinische Klinik, Zentralklinikum Augsburg.
Therapy of constipation is complex. It is mainly based on general rules and treatment with dietary fibres. If drugs are necessary they should be applied according to the type of constipation as evidenced by the results of special diagnostic procedures. Surgical treatment is only the last choice. The aim of therapy is to relieve the patient from his symptoms and achieve a habit of regular defecation, if possible without the application of laxatives. The foremost problem in the treatment of constipation is to interrupt the vicious circle 'constipation/abuse of laxatives.' Many patients only consult a physician when they are already in that problem. Therapy then becomes difficult. Information on bowel movements and on how to prevent constipation by the way of living, therefore, should be widely spread in the general population in order to minimize constipation as a medical problem.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8160165&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1994 Mar;19(1):41-50.
Simple electromyographic biofeedback treatment for chronic pediatric constipation/encopresis: preliminary report.
Cox DJ, Sutphen J, Borowitz S, Dickens MN, Singles J, Whitehead WE.
Behavioral Medicine Center, Blue Ridge Hospital, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22901.
Pediatric constipation/encopresis is thought to be due, in part, to paradoxical constriction of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle during attempted defecation. This inappropriate contraction can lead to delayed, impacted, painful, and infrequent bowel movements. Standard Medical Care (SMC) involves disimpaction with enemas, followed by laxative therapy and diet modification, to maintain frequent soft stools. Using the case control method, the efficacy of SMC alone was compared with SMC plus EAS electromyographic biofeedback aimed at eliminating paradoxical contraction. Thirteen consecutive chronically constipated children received SMC plus biofeedback, and were compared with 13 age- and sex-matched children who received only SMC. Biofeedback subjects demonstrated post-treatment elimination of EAS paradoxical constriction. At 16 months follow-up parents of biofeedback children reported significantly greater improvement in constipation, encopresis, laxative use, and painful bowel movements compared to SMC.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8167163&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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