References: Laxative
Dis Colon Rectum. 1986 Dec;29(12):839-44.
Melanosis coli. Ultrastructural study of 45 patients.
Balazs M.
Melanosis coli was diagnosed histologically in colon biopsies of 45 patients with prolonged administration of anthraquinone laxatives. Colonoscopies performed for increased constipation, abdominal pains, or distention disclosed discoloration of the mucosa in only 14 patients. Radiographic studies revealed motility disorders of the colon. In several cases, a circular stenosis occurred at the junction of the colon and the sigmoid, simulating a tumor. Electron microscopy showed abnormalities of the absorptive epithelial cells. The lamina propria contained pigment-laden macrophages, plasma cells, and several nerve fibers in different stages of degeneration. The most striking changes of autonomic nerve elements occurred in patients with the most serious motility disorders.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3792165&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Gastroenterology. 1987 Feb;92(2):414-20.
Chronic severe constipation. Prospective motility studies in 25 consecutive patients.
Reynolds JC, Ouyang A, Lee CA, Baker L, Sunshine AG, Cohen S.
The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of gastrointestinal and anal sphincter motility in 25 consecutive patients with severe constipation. Three patterns of abnormal motility were observed in 68% of the patients: (a) isolated anal sphincter dysfunction (20%), (b) a generalized disorder of gastrointestinal motility (24%), and (c) rectosigmoid dysfunction (24%). The remaining patients had either a previously unrecognized primary disorder leading to constipation or the irritable bowel syndrome. Duration of symptoms, laxative usage, or other historical features failed to distinguish each of the groups. Anal sphincter dysfunction was diagnosed by demonstrating impaired sphincter relaxation during rectal distention. Generalized motor disorders were diagnosed by demonstrating impaired colonic and esophageal function together with an abnormality in gastric emptying. Rectosigmoid dysfunction was manifest by an impaired rectosigmoid motor response to feeding without evidence of other organ dysfunction. These studies indicate that a high percentage of patients with more severe degrees of constipation have a serious but sometimes treatable disorder of bowel function, rather than the irritable bowel syndrome.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3792778&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
J Urol. 1987 Mar;137(3):455-6.
Use of a balanced bowel preparation solution in urological surgery.
Clark WR, Furlow WL.
A balanced bowel preparation solution was used in 25 patients undergoing cystectomy and in 31 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. No significant problems occurred during the preparation, intraoperatively or postoperatively. Metronidazole and neomycin were used for antibiotic coverage. Consistent with the findings of other studies no significant physiological shifts occurred and patient acceptance was good. Savings were noted in cost, duration of hospitalization, time needed for nursing care and nutritional status. The balanced bowel preparation solution is an attractive and equally effective alternative to the standard laxative-enema bowel preparations for urological operations.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3820374&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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