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References: Laxative

Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 May;90(5):748-53.
Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation.

Redmond JM, Smith GW, Barofsky I, Ratych RE, Goldsborough DC, Schuster MM.

Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

OBJECTIVE: Total abdominal colectomy (TAC) for intractable constipation has a variable reported success rate that decreases to 50% beyond 2 yr. We hypothesize that this inconsistent outcome can be explained by a more extensive intestinal involvement in some patients. DESIGN: A consecutive sample of patients with intractable constipation had preoperative evaluations that included both upper and lower GI studies. Stool frequency, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and laxative or enema requirements were compared before and after operation. The study took place in an academic referral center and included 37 consecutive referred patients with severe intractable constipation and colonic dysmotility documented by radiopaque marker studies. INTERVENTIONS: TAC, with ileoproctostomy in 34 patients and ileostomy in three. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients with motility abnormalities only of the lower GI tract were diagnosed as having colonic inertia (CI). Those with motility disorders of both the upper and the lower GI tracts were considered to have generalized intestinal dysmotility (GID) with colon predominance. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients had CI, and 16 had GID. Ninety percent of CI patients undergoing TAC had a successful outcome with a mean of 23 bowel movements (BMs)/wk at a mean follow-up of 7.5 yr. Although 88% of GID patients had initial improvement, with a mean of 19 BMs/wk at 6 months, only 13% had prolonged relief. After 2 yr, nine of the GID patients had recurrent constipation, and three had severe diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified two distinct types of colonic dysmotility, CI and GID. It has demonstrated the long-term success of TAC for CI and the importance of uppe

Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Aug;61(2):153-6.
Laxative potency and acute toxicity of some anthraquinone derivatives, senna extracts and fractions of senna extracts.

Hietala P, Marvola M, Parviainen T, Lainonen H.

Extracta Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.

This paper investigates the laxative effect and acute toxicity of certain fractions of senna extracts in mice. The same tests were also carried out with several pure anthraquinone derivatives common in senna pods. The results show that the laxative and toxic components of senna pods and senna extracts can be separated. The most potent laxative components, sennosides A + B and Fraction V (relative potencies 1 and 0.9 respectively), have the lowest toxicity (relative intravenous toxicities 1 and less than 1). Fractions with very low laxative activity (rhein-8-glucoside and Fraction IV, relative potencies 0.56 and 0.05) have the highest acute toxicity (relative toxicities 10 and 32 respectively).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3671329&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Int J Eat Disord. 1995 Mar;17(2):141-6.
Laxative withdrawal and anxiety in bulimia nervosa.

Weltzin TE, Bulik CM, McConaha CW, Kaye WH.

University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, USA.

Symptoms of anxiety can be prominent during treatment of bulimia nervosa. Our experience is that bulimics who abuse laxatives have the most prominent symptoms of anxiety. We conducted ratings of anxiety in 23 bulimics who purge with laxatives and 17 who purge by vomiting. We found that the laxative-abusing group had higher levels of state but not trait anxiety and that they were more likely to be treated with medication for anxiety during hospitalization. These data suggest an association between laxatives and anxiety in bulimia nervosa.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7757094&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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