laxative



References: Laxative






J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Feb;45(2):158-65.
Over-the-counter medication use in an older rural community: the MoVIES Project.

Stoehr GP, Ganguli M, Seaberg EC, Echement DA, Belle S.

School of Pharmacy, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the self-reported use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and the factors associated with OTC use in a rural older population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of an age-stratified random community sample. SETTING: The mid-Monongahela Valley, a rural area of Southwestern Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1059 older individuals with a mean age of 74.5 (+/- 5.5) years, 96.9% of whom were white and 57.3% of whom were women. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported over-the-counter drug use and demographic information, and information about prescription drug use and recent use of health services. RESULTS: The majority (87.0%) of the sample were taking at least one OTC medication; 5.7% reported taking five or more OTCs. Women took significantly more OTCs than did men (P < .001). Individuals with more education took significantly more OTCs than those who had less (P = .018). The OTC category used most commonly was analgesics (66.3% overall), followed by vitamin and mineral supplements (38.1%), antacids (27.9%), and laxatives (9.7%). The use of analgesics decreased significantly (P = .018) with increasing age, whereas the use of laxatives increased significantly (P < .001). Women were more likely than men to be using each of these four major OTC groups. Unlike the associations with prescription drug use we reported previously in the same population, there were no significant associations for overall OTC use with age or with the use of health services. However, although vitamin use (as an example of an OTC drug taken for "preventive" purposes) was not associated with health services use, the use of laxatives (as an example of a "curative" OTC) was significantly associated (P < or = .002) with a g



Br J Cancer. 1997;75(5):734-9.
Leukaemias and cancers following iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer.

de Vathaire F, Schlumberger M, Delisle MJ, Francese C, Challeton C, de la Genardiere E, Meunier F, Parmentier C, Hill C, Sancho-Garnier H.

National Institute of Health and of Medical Research, Unit 351, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

We studied 1771 patients treated for a thyroid cancer in two institutions. None of these patients had been treated with external radiotherapy and 1497 had received (131)I. The average (131)I cumulative activity administered was 7.2 GBq, and the estimated average dose was 0.34 Sv to the bone marrow and 0.80 Sv to the whole body. After a mean follow-up of 10 years, no case of leukaemia was observed, compared with 2.5 expected according to the coefficients derived from Japanese atomic bomb survivors (P = 0.1). A total of 80 patients developed a solid second malignant neoplasm (SMN), among whom 13 developed a colorectal cancer. The risk of colorectal cancer was found to be related to the total activity of (131)I administered 5 years or more before its diagnosis (excess relative risk = 0.5 per GBq, P = 0.02). These findings were probably caused by the accumulation of (131)I in the colon lumen. Hence, in the absence of laxative treatment, the dose to the colon as a result of (131)I administered for the treatment of thyroid cancer could be higher than expected from calculation of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). When digestive tract cancers were excluded, the overall excess relative risk of second cancer per estimated effective sievert received to the whole body was -0.2 (P = 0.6).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9043033&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Z Gastroenterol. 1990 Dec;28(12):660-4.
The effect of an anthraquinone laxative on colonic nerve tissue: a controlled trial in constipated women.

Riecken EO, Zeitz M, Emde C, Hopert R, Witzel L, Hintze R, Marsch-Ziegler U, Vester JC.

Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Steglitz der FU, Berlin, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Anthraquinone containing laxatives have been accused to cause degenerative changes in the colonic nerve tissue; prospective studies, however, are not available. This article reports the result of a semiprolective study in 11 matched pairs of chronically constipated women. Each pair consisted of one women having regularly taken an anthraquinone containing laxative for at least one year and a control person without such a medication. Six endoscopic biopsies were taken from the left colon and rectum which were evaluated by electron microscopy and subsequent ultramorphometry for the ratio of damaged to intact neurons, density of neurosecretory vesicles, axonal diameter and number of lysosomes. Medians of the three colonic locations were calculated in each individual and for each variable, and they were compared by non-parametric statistics. Medians of the ratio of damaged to intact neurons in anthraquinone treated women and controls were 0.162 and 0.146 (p = 0.0326, one-tail), medians of the number of type I vesicles were 293 and 348.5 per 100 microns 2 (p = 0.0365, one-tail), respectively. None of the other variables were different between groups. These data do not support the hypothesis that anthraquinone containing laxatives are able to provoke relevant degenerative changes in the colonic nerve tissue since the variables are either similar in both groups or only slight differences could be found which are unlikely to be of pathophysiological relevance.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2087821&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Laxative and constipation online literature || Constipation and laxative online literature || Constipation and laxative online literature || Colon cleansing online literature





DreamPharm: Herbal and Nutritional supplements online || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Hair Million, excellent herbal formula, wards off hair loss and promotes hair growth || Buy Tramadol || Dream Pharmaceuticals Online Pharmacy: Buy Rx Online || Insurance policies: life insurance, health insurance, home insurance, automobile insurance ||