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References: Laxative

Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Aug-Sep;19(7):347-50.
[Consumption of drugs for the digestive system and for the metabolism by the Spanish population: study from the Health National Survey in 1987 and 1993]

[Article in Spanish]

del Rio MC, Prada C, Alvarez FJ.

Departamento de Farmacologia y Terapeutice, Facultad de Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid.

In the present study the consumption of drugs used for the digestive tract and metabolism in the Spanish population according to the information from the National Health Surveys of 1987 and 1933 is featured. Samples representative of the Spanish population over the age of 16 years were designed. In 1987 and 1993, 27,786 and 21,084 people were surveyed, respectively. The consumption of drugs in the 2 weeks prior to the survey was analyzed. The consumption of these drugs did not vary from 1987 to 1993: including medicines for digestive alterations, 3.5 and 3.3%, respectively; laxatives, 1.2 and 1.4%; slimming drugs, 0.3% in both years; reconstituents, 2.8 and 2.9%. Different consumption schedules were observed in relation to age and sex in each group of drugs. The intake of these groups of drugs without medical prescription was highest in the case of slimming drugs (51.4%) and laxatives (50%). These results demonstrate how frequent the consumption of drugs for the digestive tract and metabolism is in the Spanish population.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8963903&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Dec;8(12):1207-11.
Decreased substance P levels in rectal biopsies from patients with slow transit constipation.

Tzavella K, Riepl RL, Klauser AG, Voderholzer WA, Schindlbeck NE, Muller-Lissner SA.

Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, University of Munich, Germany.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies in patients with chronic constipation found abnormalities in the nervous tissue of the large intestine, predominantly in the muscularis externa. Since there is evidence that the nervous system of mucosa and submucosa is also involved in the control of colonic motility we investigated the contents of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin and substance P in rectal biopsies of patients with slow colonic transit constipation. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (17 females, 5 males) with chronic slow transit constipation (oro-anal transit with radio-opaque markers on high fibre diet > 70 h) and long-term use of laxatives, and 20 controls (12 females, 8 males) with no history of constipation, were included in this study. Large rectal biopsy specimens including the submucosa were obtained from 5 cm above the dentate line and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After microdissection of the biopsies into mucosa and submucosa the neuropeptides were extracted by boiling and homogenizing the tissue in acetic acid and determined using validated radioimmunoassays. RESULTS: Patients with slow transit constipation showed, compared to healthy controls, significantly lower levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter substance P in the mucosa and submucosa of rectal biopsies. There was no difference between the two groups concerning the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitters, VIP and somatostatin. CONCLUSION: Slow transit constipation is associated with abnormalities of the substance P content of the enteric nervous system of mucosa and submucosa. This seems not to be related to chronic laxative use, since anthranoids cause a reduction in the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitte

Int J Eat Disord. 1997 Jan;21(1):95-8.
Serum electrolytes as markers of vomiting in bulimia nervosa.

Crow SJ, Salisbury JJ, Crosby RD, Mitchell JE.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with bulimia nervosa often have serum electrolyte abnormalities that result from vomiting and/or laxative or diuretic use. Thus, serum electrolytes could serve as an objective marker of such behaviors. METHOD: This study is a retrospective examination of serum electrolyte levels and vomiting behavior in 138 bulimic women, and of serum electrolyte levels in 70 control women. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that only potassium values distinguished bulimic subjects from controls. Potassium levels below the lower limit of normal (3.7 mg/l) occurred only in the bulimic group. DISCUSSION: Abnormally low values for potassium are a specific, but not sensitive, predictor of recent vomiting episodes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8986523&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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