References: Laxative
Arch Dis Child. 1996 Jul;75(1):36-41.
Diagnostic dilemmas and results of treatment for chronic constipation.
Keuzenkamp-Jansen CW, Fijnvandraat CJ, Kneepkens CM, Douwes AC.
Department of Paediatrics, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Chronic functional constipation (CFC) may be difficult to recognise and information regarding its long term prognosis is scarce. The records of 244 children with CFC, aged 0-18 years, were analysed for symptoms at presentation and results of treatment, and long term outcome was evaluated by means of a telephone interview in 137 patients discharged for more than one year. The patients presented with a great variety of symptoms, only 22% having infrequent defecation of increased consistency, another 22% having an obviously normal defecation pattern. The mean duration of treatment was 13 months. At the time of discharge, 69% of the patients still used laxatives. At a median of four years after discharge, 66% of the children were free of symptoms and without medication, 39% having experienced a recurrence. It is concluded that CFC may be difficult to recognise and can be alleviated by an intensive laxative regimen. Recurrence of symptoms is common, but the long term prognosis is good in most patients.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8813868&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Psychol Med. 1996 Jul;26(4):801-12.
The classification of bulimic eating disorders: a community-based cluster analysis study.
Hay PJ, Fairburn CG, Doll HA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford.
There is controversy over how best to classify eating disorders in which there is recurrent binge eating. Many patients with recurrent binge eating do not meet diagnostic criteria for other of the two established eating disorders, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. The present study was designed to derive an empirically based, and clinically meaningful, diagnostic scheme by identifying subgroups from among those with recurrent binge eating, testing the validity of these subgroups and comparing their predictive validity with that of the DSM-IV scheme. A general population sample of 250 young women with recurrent binge eating was recruited using a two-stage design. Four subgroups among the sample were identified using a Ward's cluster analysis. The first subgroup had either objective or subjective bulimic episodes and vomiting or laxative misuse; the second had objective bulimic episodes and low levels of vomiting or laxative misuse; the third had subjective bulimic episodes and low levels of vomiting or laxative misuse; and the fourth was heterogeneous in character. This cluster solution was robust to replication. It had good descriptive and predictive validity and partial construct validity. The results support the concept of bulimia nervosa and its division into purging and non-purging subtypes. They also suggest a possible new binge eating syndrome. Binge eating disorder, listed as an example of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified within DSM-IV, did not emerge from the cluster analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8817715&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Jan;19(1):136-8.
A purgative action of barbaloin is induced by Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, a human intestinal anaerobe, capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone.
Akao T, Che QM, Kobashi K, Hattori M, Namba T.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Orally administered barbaloin (100 mg/kg) did not induce any diarrhea in male Wistar rats, in spite of severe diarrhea with sennoside B (40 mg/kg). Also, in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Peptostreptococcus intermedius, a human intestinal anaerobe capable of reducing sennidins to rhein anthrone, barbaloin did not induce diarrhea; the faecal water content (71.9%) 8 h after the administration of barbaloin was not increased, compared with that (73.9%) just before the treatment. However, severe diarrhea was induced with barbaloin in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, another human intestinal anaerobe capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone; the faecal water content was significantly increased to 85.5% 8 h after the administration, from 73.2% before the treatment. At this time, barbaloin was transformed to aloe-emodin anthrone in the feces from the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with the strain BAR, but not in feces from the conventional rats or the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with P. intermedius. These facts indicate that barbaloin is inactive as a laxative itself but is activated to aloe-emodin anthrone, a genuine purgative component, by Eubacterium sp. strain BAR.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8820926&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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