References: Laxative
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1987;9(2):151-4.
Estrogenic effects of phenolphthalein on human breast cancer cells in vitro.
Ravdin PM, van Beurden M, Jordan VC.
There is a structural similarity between phenolphthalein and the triphenylethylenes which are known to interact with the estrogen receptor of human breast tissue. Phenolphthalein (10 microM) competed with estrogen for binding to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in tissue culture and induced the synthesis of the progesterone receptor. The antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen blocked progesterone receptor induction both by estradiol and by phenolphthalein. Both estradiol (0.1 nM) and phenolphthalein (10 microM) stimulated cell growth as measured by DNA and protein assays. This growth stimulation was blocked by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Phenolphthalein glucuronide, the major phenolphthalein metabolite, did not inhibit estrogen binding, induce progesterone receptor synthesis, or stimulate MCF-7 cell growth in culture. Yellow phenolphthalein, an impure phenolphthalein preparation used in nonprescription laxative preparations, had similar properties to pure phenolphthalein. Physicians should be aware of the weak estrogenic action of phenolphthalein, especially when recommending laxatives for breast cancer patients with confirmed liver and mesenteric metastases.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3620717&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Eur J Radiol. 1990 Mar-Apr;10(2):124-5.
The effect of laxatives and enemas on the sonographic visibility of the pancreas.
Nilsson A, Forsberg L.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Central Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
Thirty-six patients were evaluated concerning the visibility of the pancreas under different conditions. One group (12 patients) was prepared with fasting for 4 hours, the second group (12 patients) was additionally given laxatives for one day prior to the examination together with a small enema (preparation for IVP). The third group (12 patients) received laxative treatment for 2 days (preparation for barium enema) but was otherwise treated in the same fashion as group 2. The study did not reveal any difference in visibility between the three groups thus indicating that routine preparation with 4 hours fasting alone can still be recommended when examining the upper part of the abdomen (except the gallbladder) with ultrasound.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2186917&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Psychopathology. 1987;20(1):8-17.
Anorexia nervosa in Italy: clinical features and outcome in a long-term follow-up study.
Santonastaso P, Favaretto G, Canton G.
Fifty-five patients with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa hospitalized between 1970 and 1975 in the Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine of the University of Padua were recalled between 1981 and 1983. Forty patients (73%) participated in this follow-up study. At follow-up, using the criteria of Garfinkel et al., 15 patients (37.5%) had an 'excellent' outcome, 10 (25%) were 'much improved', 7 (17.5%) were 'symptomatic', 6 (15%) had a 'poor' outcome and 2 (5%) were deceased. There was, generally, a more marked improvement in weight and menses than in eating habits and mental state. We also found that percentage weight loss, depressive symptoms, abnormal attitudes towards food and weight, the association vomiting/laxative abuse and sexual relations are all significantly associated with a poor outcome. Results are compared with a review of existing literature.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3628677&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
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