laxative



References: Laxative






Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1997 May;26(3):299-302.
Biofeedback therapy for bowel dysfunction following low anterior resection.

Ho YH, Tan M.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.

Faecal incontinence and intractable constipation after low anterior resection (LAR) can be refractory to expectancy and appropriate anti-diarrhoeal or laxative medications. The efficacy of anorectal biofeedback therapy (BF) in this clinical situation was prospectively assessed. Eleven patients [5 men and 6 women; mean age 64.8 years; standard error of the mean (SEM) 3.3 years] had either faecal incontinence or intractable constipation which did not settle with medications, for at least 6 months [mean 33.3 (SEM 6.1) months] after LAR. They all underwent 4 sessions of outpatient BF. Assessment was by continence questionnaire and anorectal physiology tests, which were administered before and after BF. In 6 of 6 incontinent patients, weekly incontinent episodes were decreased [14.8 (SEM 2.1] before, 1.8 (SEM 0.8) after; P < 0.05) and anti-diarrhoeal drug requirements were reduced (needed in 6 before, 0 after; P < 0.05) after BF. In the 5 intractible constipation patients, the weekly stool frequency was improved [3 (SEM 0.5) before, 8.9 (SEM 1.6) after; P < 0.05] after BF. There were no significant changes in the anorectal physiology parameters after BF. At a mean follow-up of 12.9 (SEM 1.6) months, there were no regressions or complications. BF is a safe option for refractory bowel dysfunction following LAR.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9285021&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Addict Behav. 1997 Jul-Aug;22(4):545-55.
Psychopathology and personality of young women who experience food cravings.

Gendall KA, Sullivan PF, Joyce PR, Fear JL, Bulik CM.

University Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the psychopathology and personality characteristics of women who experience food cravings. A total of 101 young women selected at random from the community completed the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies with a trained interviewer. The interview included a section about food-craving experiences and associated factors. Subjects also completed a self-report questionnaire booklet containing the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Compared to noncravers, women who reported food cravings were significantly more likely to report a history of alcohol abuse/dependence (p = .003), significant weight changes (p = .003), and to have undertaken dieting (p = .02), bingeing (p = .05), vomiting (p = .02), exercise (p = .04), diet pill (p = .03), and laxative use (p = .01) to control weight. There was a trend for the cravers to have higher novelty-seeking scores on the TCI (p = .06). Our findings suggest that women who experience food cravings are more likely to have met criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence and tend to have temperament characterized by higher levels of novelty seeking. In addition the high rates of eating-disorder symptomatology implies overconcern with body weight and shape in the women who experienced food cravings.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9290863&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Dis Colon Rectum. 1997 Oct;40(10):1149-55.
Results of biofeedback in constipated patients: a prospective study.

Karlbom U, Hallden M, Eeg-Olofsson KE, Pahlman L, Graf W.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to assess the results of biofeedback treatment in constipated patients and to identify variables that might be used to predict the outcome. METHOD: Twenty-eight patients (5 men; median age, 46 (range, 22-72) years) with any degree of paradoxical activation measured with thin hook needle electromyography in the external sphincter or puborectalis muscle were included. The symptom duration varied between 1 and 30 (median, 9) years. The patients had eight outpatient training sessions with electromyography-based audiovisual feedback. All patients were followed up prospectively with a validated bowel function questionnaire from which a symptom index was created. RESULTS: At three months, nine patients had no improvement and underwent other treatments. The remaining 19 patients were followed up for a median of 14 (range, 12-34) months. Twelve patients (43 percent) stated they had improved rectal emptying. A good result was associated with increased stool frequency (P < 0.05), improved symptom index (P < 0.01), and reduction of laxative use (P < 0.05). A long symptom duration, a high pretreatment symptom index, and laxative use were related to a poor result (P < 0.01-0.05). The improved group had less perineal descent (P < 0.05), and a prominent puborectalis impression on defecography tended to be more common (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: With the use of wide inclusion criteria, biofeedback was successful in 43 percent of patients, with a treatment effect lasting at least one year. The results suggest that biofeedback should be used as the initial treatment of constipated patients with a paradoxical puborectalis contraction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9336109&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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