laxative



References: Laxative






Manag Care Interface. 1998 Jun;11(6):50-2.
Hemorrhoids.

Gricar JA, Goodwin SA, Cave DG.

The patients with routine, easiest-to-treat hemorrhoids average 1.25 office visits, 0.80 prescriptions, and 1.38 medical/surgical procedures during the course of a year. About 63.9% of all PTEs were treated without the use of prescription drugs. This patient group did not receive any hospital admissions or professional inpatient services. Hemorrhoid surgery was performed at an average rate of 1.37 times per PTE on an out-patient basis. Seventy-two percent of the overall medical charges for hemorrhoid treatment are direct surgical charges. Of the PTEs treated with a single drug group, only 1.5% are treated with a prescription laxative. However, the use of OTC stool softeners and laxatives were not measured in this analysis. Thus, an exact measurement of cost savings associated with appropriate use of softeners/laxatives for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhoids could not be determined. Considering the potential cost savings of using laxatives for prevention of hemorrhoids, further investigation of the prescribing patterns of this specialty may prove useful.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10181558&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Eur J Pediatr. 1997 Mar;156(3):178-81.
How accurate is the recall of bowel habits in children with defaecation disorders?

van der Plas RN, Benninga MA, Redekop WK, Taminiau JA, Buller HA.

Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The aim was to assess in children with defaecation disorders, the accuracy of recalled information as provided by the child and/or parents compared to diary information and to evaluate its effect on diagnostic grouping. In this prospective study, recalled information, obtained initially by a telephone interview, was compared with recorded information provided by a 4-week diary. Recalled and recorded data were compared using Kappa indices. Subsequently, children were assigned to three diagnostic groups: constipation, solitary encopresis and a rest group. Based on these diagnoses, the first two groups were allocated for laxative treatment. Analysis of recalled and recorded data was performed in 46 children (5-14 years). Most defaecation parameters showed fair agreement, only limited agreement occurred for frequency of soiling episodes. Identical clinical groups using the two methods were obtained in 63% of the children. Particularly, the assessment of large amounts of stool and the number of soiling episodes were responsible for the shift in the diagnostic groups. A total of 83% children were correctly allocated for treatment using recalled data.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9083754&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Mar 26;323(1):93-7.
The role of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase in senna- and cascara-induced diarrhoea in the rat.

Izzo AA, Sautebin L, Rombola L, Capasso F.

Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.

The role of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase in rats treated with senna and cascara was studied. Senna (60 mg/kg p.o.) and cascara (800 mg/kg p.o.) ex vivo significantly increased Ca(2+)-dependent constitutive NO synthase activity in the rat colon. Induction of NO synthase (12% of the total NO synthase) was associated with cascara, but not senna, administration. Dexamethasone (0.03-0.3 mg/kg i.p.), which inhibits the expression of inducible NO synthase, significantly and dose-dependently reduced cascara-(but not senna-) induced diarrhoea and colonic fluid secretion. These findings suggest that senna probably exerts its laxative effect through stimulation of the constitutive isoform of NO synthase, while the inducible isoform of NO synthase also seems to be involved in the laxative effect of cascara.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9105882&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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