laxative



References: Laxative






Pharmacology. 1988;36 Suppl 1:221-5.
Milk transfer of rhein in the rhesus monkey.

Cameron BD, Phillips MW, Fenerty CA.

Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Inveresk Research International, Musselburgh, UK.

A HPLC method was developed to measure rhein, a laxatively active metabolite of sennosides A + B, in milk and plasma. Samples from 2 lactating rhesus monkeys were taken over 48 h after oral administration of sennosides (1 mg kg-1). Detectable rhein levels were found in plasma between 2 and 12 h and in milk between 4 and 12 h after administration, but rhein excretion in milk seems to be far below the dose necessary to elicit a laxative effect in the suckling offspring.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3368522&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;39(3):378-85.
Detection and importance of laxative use in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Turner J, Batik M, Palmer LJ, Forbes D, McDermott BM.

Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.

OBJECTIVE: The frequency of laxative use in adolescents with anorexia nervosa is poorly described. This study of adolescents with anorexia nervosa examined self-report and biochemical screening methods for the detection of laxative use, the pattern of laxative use in this population over time, and the associated medical complications and psychopathology. METHOD: Forty-three consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa were studied. Initial assessment encompassed psychiatric history, medical examination, and administration of the Eating Disorders Examination, Child Behavior Checklist, and Youth Self-Report. Biochemical investigations, including random urinary laxative screening, were performed at assessment and follow-up. RESULTS: The frequency of laxative use from self-report alone was 12%; combined with urine screening it was 19%. The frequency of laxative use increased to 32% with prospective follow-up. Medical complications were associated with laxative use at follow-up. Laxative use was associated with longer duration of disease and with higher scores on the Eating Disorders Examination subscale Eating Concern. CONCLUSIONS: Laxative use is common among adolescents with anorexia nervosa, and the risk of associated medical complications increases over time. Biochemical screening will improve detection of laxative use. Longer duration of illness and greater Eating Concern scores are associated with increased risk of laxative use, and monitoring patients at increased risk is important.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10714059&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2000 Jan;7(1):8-16.
[Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in the VII Region of Chile: diagnosis and educational intervention]

[Article in Spanish]

Apt W, Perez C, Galdamez E, Campano S, Vega F, Vargas D, Rodriguez J, Retamal C, Cortes P, Zulantay I, de Rycke PH.

Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

This study was designed to embrace three areas: a) serologic and radiologic diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatidosis in an asymptomatic human population, b) animal diagnosis and the treatment of dogs, and c) evaluation of extent of knowledge and performance of educational interventions among rural families and health, livestock, and education professionals and technicians, in order to help control the disease transmission cycle. Indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests were performed on 5,556 apparently healthy people. Of these, 42 (0.8%) had positive results on both tests, for a seroprevalence of 754.6 per 100,000. These 42 subjects were scheduled for liver ultrasonography and a chest x-ray; of the 26 who complied, 16 showed images compatible with a hydatid cyst. Those 16 cases were sent to the hospital for surgery. In 9 of the cases the diagnosis was confirmed surgically, for a prevalence of 161.7 per 100,000. Arecoline hydrobromide was administered as a laxative to 2,358 dogs to detect the strobilar form of Echinococcus granulosus, and positive results were found in 11% of the dogs. Official data for slaughterhouses indicated the presence of hydatid cysts in 13% of the cattle, 4.4% of the sleep, and 4.2% of the pigs slaughtered in the region. The educational program included an evaluation of the extent of knowledge by surveying heads of household; an educational intervention among families through an informal active participatory process using educational games, in which 1,082 families participated; and an educational intervention with professionals and technicians using distance and in-person approaches. To eva



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