laxative



References: Laxative






Dis Colon Rectum. 1999 Nov;42(11):1401-8; discussion 1408-10.
Clinical value of symptom assessment in patients with constipation.

Glia A, Lindberg G, Nilsson LH, Mihocsa L, Akerlund JE.

Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate symptoms and clinical findings in a prospective series of patients with chronic constipation. METHODS: A total of 155 consecutive patients with intractable constipation underwent detailed symptom registration, anorectal manometry, electromyography, colonic transit time measurement, and defecography. RESULTS: All investigations were completed by 134 patients (112 females) with a median age of 52 (range, 17-79) years. Whole-gut transit time was delayed in 55 patients (41 percent), pelvic floor dysfunction was diagnosed in 59 patients (44 percent), but in 35 percent of patients both transit time and pelvic floor function were found to be normal. Three symptoms were shown to have an independent value for the diagnosis of slow-transit constipation. Patients with slow transit more often reported two or fewer stools per week (84 vs. 46 percent), laxative dependence (87 vs. 44 percent), and a history of constipation since childhood (58 vs. 22 percent) than did those with normal transit. Pelvic floor dysfunction was associated with a higher prevalence of backache (53 vs. 33 percent) and a lower prevalence of normal stool frequency (19 vs. 36 percent), heartburn (12 vs. 27 percent), and a history of anorectal surgery (7 vs. 21 percent) compared with those with normal pelvic floor function. All four symptoms retained an independent value in the logistic regression analysis for pelvic floor dysfunction. Two symptoms characterized the group with normal transit and normal pelvic floor function: normal stool frequency and alternating diarrhea and constipation. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms are good predictors of transit time but poorer predictors of pelvic floor function in patients with constipation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10566527&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative [P



Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999 Dec;14(12):2892-7. Click here to read 
Urothelial cancer at different tumour sites: role of smoking and habitual intake of analgesics and laxatives. Results of the Berlin Urothelial Cancer Study.

Pommer W, Bronder E, Klimpel A, Helmert U, Greiser E, Molzahn M.

Humboldt Hospital, Department of Nephrology/Hypertension, Berlin, Institute for Kidney and Hypertension Research (INHF), Berlin, Germany.

BACKGROUND: In Germany about 20000 new cases of urothelial cancer (UC) and about 7500 deaths from bladder cancer alone occur each year. Among the manifold risk factors, little research has been done on the role of smoking and the habitual intake of analgesics and laxatives-practices that are common in parts of the German population. The aim of this study is to define the proportion of risk derived from these preventable habits for the development of UC at its different sites. Subjects and methods. A case-control study in the area of the former West Berlin was performed from 1990 to 1995 including all newly diagnosed incident cases of UC from the eight hospitals of the study area. Study subjects and population-based controls individually matched by age (+/-2 years) and sex were evaluated by a standardized face-to-face interview about the lifelong exposure to cigarette smoking, analgesics, and laxatives. Adjusted risk analysis was carried out for the main exposure variables in relation to the different sites of UC in the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. RESULTS: Six hundred and forty-seven cases of UC (571 bladder, 25 ureter, and 51 renal pelvis) and an identical number of controls were included in the analysis (response rate in cases, 84.6%; in controls, 70.2%). Smoking increased the risk of bladder cancer (BC) by an odds ratio (OR) of 3.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.29-4.52), that of ureter (URC) or renal pelvis cancer (RPC) together by OR 6.20 (95% CI 2.04-18.81), and that of RPC alone by OR 5.91 (95% CI 1.47-23.66). Ex-smoking was associated with an increased risk for BC (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1



Dig Dis Sci. 1999 Nov;44(11):2226-30.
Does senna extract promote growth of aberrant crypt foci and malignant tumors in rat colon?

Mascolo N, Mereto E, Borrelli F, Orsi P, Sini D, Izzo AA, Massa B, Boggio M, Capasso F.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Italy.

Current evidence suggests that aberrant crypt foci (ACF) can be used to evaluate agents for their potential colon carcinogenic activity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether senna pod extract (SE) itself induces ACF and tumors in the rat colon or increases the development of ACF and tumors induced by azoxymethane (AOM). A daily administration of SE 10 mg/kg by mouth for 13-28 weeks produced a weak laxative effect but did not itself cause the appearance of ACF or tumors. The numbers of ACF and tumors induced by AOM were, however, increased by a dose of SE (100 mg/kg) able to induce chronic diarrhea over three months. These results suggest that SE does not cause the appearance of ACF or tumors in the rat colon nor does it have a promoting effect when given to rats at a dose that produces laxation (10 mg/kg), whereas a diarrhogenic dose (100 mg/kg) increases the appearance of tumors induced by AOM.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10573366&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative



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