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References: Laxative

Int J Cancer. 2001 Apr 1;92(1):63-9.
Cytostatic effect of polyethylene glycol on human colonic adenocarcinoma cells.

Parnaud G, Corpet DE, Gamet-Payrastre L.

Laboratoire des Xenobiotiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) is a potent cancer chemopreventive agent. This osmotic laxative polymer markedly suppresses colon cancer in rats. To explain the mechanism, we have tested the in vitro effect of PEG on four human cell lines. Two poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma lines (HT29 and COLO205), a fetal mucosa line (FHC) and a differentiated line (post-confluent Caco-2) were incubated with various PEG concentrations for 2-5 days. Results show that PEG markedly and dose-dependently inhibited HT29 and COLO205 cell growth. This cytostatic effect was associated with a blocking of the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. In addition, PEG decreased the viability of HT29 and COLO205 adenocarcinoma cells. In contrast, post-confluent intestinal-like Caco-2 cells and normal FHC cells were, respectively, not or little affected by PEG. Moreover, the lactate concentration increased twofold in the medium of PEG-treated HT29 cells compared with untreated cells. Microscopic observations showed that PEG induced cell shrinking, membrane blebbing and the condensation of nuclear chromatin. However, because no DNA ladder and no annexin staining were detected, we presume that PEG did not induce apoptosis. PEG increased the osmotic pressure of the culture medium. Hyperosmotic media with added NaCl or sorbitol also inhibited HT29 cell growth, and increased lactate release. These results suggest that PEG may be selectively cytostatic for proliferating cancer cells. This growth inhibition may be due to the high osmotic pressure induced by PEG in vitro. Because the osmotic pressure is high in feces of PEG-fed rats, it may explain the suppression of colon carcinogenesis by PEG. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11279607&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Mar;96(3):715-21.
Association of bowel movement frequency and use of laxatives with the occurrence of symptomatic gallstone disease in a prospective study of women.

Dukas L, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL.

Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

OBJECTIVES: The authors prospectively examined the association between bowel movement frequency (used as a proxy for intestinal transit), laxative use, and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease. METHODS: A total of 79,829 women, aged 36-61 yr, without a history of symptomatic gallstone disease and free of cancer, responded to a mailed questionnaire in 1982 that assessed bowel movement frequency and use of laxatives. Between 1984 and 1996, 4,443 incident cases of symptomatic gallstone disease were documented. Relative risks (RRs) of symptomatic gallstone disease and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: After controlling for age and established risk factors, the multivariate RRs were, compared to women with daily bowel movements, 0.97 (95% CI 0.86-1.08) for women with bowel movements every third day or less, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.91-11.1) for women with bowel movement more than once daily. No trend was evident. As compared to women who never used laxatives in 1982, a significant modest inverse association was seen for monthly laxative use, with a multivariate RR of 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98), and weekly to daily laxative use was associated with a RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not support an association between infrequent bowel movements and risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women, and indicate that simple questions directed at bowel movement frequency are unlikely to enhance our ability to predict risk of symptomatic gallstone disease. The slightly inverse association between use of laxatives and risk of symptomatic gallstone disease may be due to a mechanism that is not related to

Pharmacology. 1988;36 Suppl 1:104-10.
Effect of rhein on electrogenic chloride secretion in rabbit distal colon.

Clauss W, Domokos G, Leng-Peschlow E.

Institut fur Veterinarphysiologie, Freie Universitat Berlin, BRD.

The effect of the laxative component rhein on electrical properties and Cl transport was investigated in partially stripped epithelial sheets of rabbit distal colon under short-circuit conditions. Whereas mucosal rhein had no effect, serosally applied rhein stimulated electrogenic Cl secretion in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal stimulation at 0.05 mmol/l. The stimulation was partially reversible by serosal bumetanide. Indomethacin preincubation inhibited the effect of rhein, but did not prevent theophylline-induced Cl secretion. The results suggest a prostaglandin-mediated effect of rhein on the apical Cl conductance of the colonic cells.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3368508&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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