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References: Laxative

Br J Cancer. 2000 Aug;83(3):404-6.
Risk of ovarian cancer in relation to use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives.

Cooper GS, Longnecker MP, Sandler DP, Ness RB.

Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA.

We examined ovarian cancer risk in relation to use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives in 410 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 713 controls. Compared to women who never used a laxative, ever use of a phenolphthalein-containing laxative was not associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio, OR, 1.1, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9-1.4). Risk was slightly, but not significantly, higher with more frequent use (OR 1.2 for 75 or more days of use). When women who used non-phenolphthalein containing laxatives was used as the reference group, the associations were slightly, but not significantly larger (OR 1.4 for any use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives and OR 1.5 for 75 or more days of use)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10917559&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;52(7):839-41.
Structure-activity relationships of anthraquinones in the decrease of intestinal motility.

Kuo DH, Kuo SC, Cheng JT.

Department of Pharmacy, Tajen Junior College of Pharmacy, Ping Tung, Taiwan.

The effects of substituted anthraquinones on intestinal motility were evaluated in-vitro using rabbit small intestinal strips. This structure-activity relationship study revealed the critical requirement of a hydroxy group at R2 position. The intestinal motility was inhibited 50% (IC50) by emodine (8 microM), 2-hydroxy anthraquinone (20 microM), 2,6-dihydroxy anthraquinone (25 microM), 2,7-dihydroxy anthraquinone (10 microM), 1,2,4-trihydroxy anthraquinone (80 microM) and 1,2,5,8-tetra-hydroxyanthraquinone (9 microM). The presence of other polar groups at R2 position such as an amino, aldehyde and carboxylic acid group significantly reduced the activity (IC50 360-400 microM). The presence of a methyl group and esterification of the carboxylic acid at R2 position was found to abolish the activity. These data are useful for the future development of anthraquinones as laxative agents.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10933134&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

Jpn J Pharmacol. 2000 Jul;83(3):206-14.
Calcium polycarbophil, a water absorbing polymer, increases bowel movement and prevents sennoside-induced diarrhea in dogs.

Saito T, Yamada T, Iwanaga Y, Morikawa K, Nagata O, Kato H, Mizumoto A, Itoh Z.

Research and Development Division, Hokuriku Seiyaku, Co., Ltd., Katsuyama, Fukui, Japan.

The effects of calcium polycarbophil (CP), a water-absorbing polymer, on bowel movement were examined in comparison with known laxatives and anti-diarrheal agents in dogs, a species that resembles humans for stool output. CP increased stool frequency, fecal water content and fecal weight in a dose-dependent manner, but did not induce diarrhea. Sennoside and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) increased fecal water content and induced diarrhea at lower doses than that which enhanced stool frequency. Trimebutine decreased stool frequency, fecal weight and fecal water content, resulting in inhibition rather than stimulation of defecation. In sennoside-induced diarrhea, loperamide and CP improved stool consistency and this was accompanied by reduced fecal moisture and frequency of diarrhea. In contrast, CMC-Na aggravated stool consistency with increased fecal water content and frequency of diarrhea, and trimebutine had little noticeable effect apart from reducing fecal weight. Our results show that CP has both laxative and anti-diarrheal effects in dogs and differed from conventional laxatives and anti-diarrheal agents. CP may be a suitable agent for treatment of idiopathic constipation, secretory diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome with alternating constipation and diarrhea and with either predominating in terms of less side effects such as diarrhea or constipation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10952069&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative

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