laxative



References: Laxative






Dis Colon Rectum. 2001 Dec;44(12):1850-6.
The prevalence and determinants of health care-seeking behavior for fecal incontinence in multiparous United Arab Emirates females.

Rizk DE, Hassan MY, Shaheen H, Cherian JV, Micallef R, Dunn E.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tawam Hospital, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographics of fecal incontinence in United Arab Emirates females. METHODS: A representative sample of multiparous United Arab Emirates females aged 20 years or older (N = 450) were randomly selected from the community (n = 225) and health care centers (n = 225). Patients were interviewed about inappropriate stool loss in the past year using a structured and pretested questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-one participants (11.3 percent) admitted fecal incontinence; 26 (5.8 percent) were incontinent to liquid stool and 25 (5.5 percent) to solid stool. Thirty-eight patients (8.4 percent) had double (urinary and fecal) incontinence. Sixty-five patients (14.4 percent) were incontinent to flatus only but not to stools. The association between having fecal incontinence and chronic constipation was significant (P < 0.0001), but there was no significant association with other known risk factors such as age, parity, and previous instrumental delivery, episiotomy, perineal tears, or anorectal operations. Only 21 incontinent patients (41 percent) had sought medical advice. Patients did not seek medical advice because they were embarrassed to consult their physician (64.7 percent), they preferred to discuss the difficulty with friends, assuming that fecal incontinence would resolve spontaneously (47.1 percent) or was normal (31.3 percent), and they chose self-treatment as a result of low expectations for medical care (23.5 percent). Sufferers were bothered by the inability to pray (92.2 percent) and to have sexual intercourse (43.1 p



N Z Med J. 2001 Oct 26;114(1142):474-7.
The prevalence of faecal incontinence and constipation in a general New Zealand population; a postal survey.

Lynch AC, Dobbs BR, Keating J, Frizelle FA.

Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital.

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of constipation and faecal incontinence in the community. METHODS: A 20-question multi-field postal questionnaire was sent to 1500 adults (over 18 years) randomly selected from the electoral roll in the Canterbury region. Questions detailed frequency of bowel function, time spent at the toilet, incidence and severity of faecal incontinence, constipation, and the effect of disordered bowel function. RESULTS: Of 1500 questionnaires, 717 (48%) were returned (male: female 388:329). The median age was 46 years (range 18-70). 24 (4%) had self-reported gastrointestinal disease. There was a median frequency of seven bowel motions per week (BM/wk) (range 1 to 70) with 89% having between two motions a day and one every two days. Faecal incontinence affected lifestyle in 58 (8.1%). Incontinence of solid stool at least once a month occurred in 70 (9.8%), of liquid stool in 91 (12.7%), of gas in 459 (64%), while 12 (2%) regularly wore a pad. Those with self-reported gastrointestinal disease had a significantly higher (p<0.05) bowel motion frequency (17 vs 7 BM/wk) and median faecal incontinence score (2.5 vs 0). Laxatives were used by 4.9% of the population, while 26.2% increased fibre to avoid constipation. CONCLUSIONS: The normal frequency of bowel motions (+/- 2SD) was 2-17 per week. Faecal incontinence affecting life style affected 8.1%, while constipation requiring regular laxative use affected 4.9% of people. There is acceptance in the community that a moderate degree of bowel dysfunction is normal. Stool frequency and faecal incontinence scores can be used to predict those most likely to have organic gastrointestinal disease.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11760243&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing



Ugeskr Laeger. 2001 Nov 19;163(47):6598-601.
[Risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms in women aged 40-60 years]

[Article in Danish]

Moller LM, Lose G, Jorgensen T.

Obstetrisk-gynaekologisk afdeling, Amtssygehuset i Glostrup, Center for Sygdomsforebyggelse.

INTRODUCTION: The study was carried out to determine the relation between lower urinary tract symptoms and possible associated factors in women aged 40-60 years. METHODS: In a normal population study, 502 women with lower urinary tract symptoms and 742 women without symptoms (controls) were asked about possible associated factors. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-seven (97.0%) women with symptoms and 564 (76.0%) controls completed the study. Stress incontinence was associated with parity (primipara: OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.0; 4.9]; para II: OR = 3.9 [95% CI: 1.9; 8.0]; para III: OR = 4.5 [95% CI: 2.1; 9.5]), the use of diuretics (OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.2; 3.9]), hysterectomy (OR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.6; 3.7]), and increased BMI. Urge incontinence was associated with the use of diuretics (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2; 7.1]) and increased BMI. Urgency was associated with parity (primipara: OR = 1.9 [95% CI: 0.9; 4.2]; para II: OR = 3.0 [95% CI: 1.5; 5.9]; para III: OR = 3.1 [95% CI: 1.5; 6.5]), the use of diuretics (OR = 2.7 [95% CI: 1.5; 4.7]) and increased BMI. Associations between non-incontinence symptoms (except urgency) and the factors studied were weak and inconsistent. Straining at stool and constipation were inversely associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Overall, lesion of the anal sphincter, episiotomy, fetal weight, physical activity, and hormonal status had a minor, if any, association with lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Lower urinary tract symptoms were associated positively with parity, BMI, prior hysterectomy, use of diuretics, straining at stool, and constipation.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11760543&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing



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