laxative



References: Laxative






Med J Malaysia. 1982 Mar;37(1):25-34.
A primary health care project in Sarawak.

Chen PC, Tan YK.

PIP: A joint pilot project between the Ministry of Health and the Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, to test the value of village aides in extending the health care system into isolated Iban communities was begun in May 1979 in the Entabai District of Sarawak. A group of 15 village aides consisting of 11 traditional Iban manangs (medicine men) and 4 youths were trained to provide primary health care including simple curative care, preventive care, and to assist in the detection of malaria. Evaluation carreid out 2 years later showed the following. With regard to curative care, the village aides were each, on the average, treating 70.6 patients/month, the most common complaint being headache (30.4%), which along with abdominal pain, constipation, bodyache, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, worm infections, cough, and sore throat, accounted for 89% of all illnesses seen by them. Subsequent to the introduction of village aides in the project area, the number of seriously ill patients requiring admission to the rest beds of the klinik desa dropped by 43.8% and the number of emergency referrals to the backup divisional hospitals fell by 46.1% showing that patients were coming to the klink desa for treatment at an earlier stage. The 11 traditional Iban manangs, who had recently received training had, on their own accord, drastically reduced the use of traditional Iban modes of therapy in preference for modern medicine. During the 24 months immediately after the introduction of village aides into Entabai, 9 gravity feed water supply systems together with related health packages advocating general cleanliness, the use of latrines, and fences were affected, whereas only 6 such systems were installed in the previous 24 months, indicating that it is likely that the village aides were of some assistance in mobilizing the community with respect to self-help efforts. During the same per



Pharmacology. 1993 Oct;47 Suppl 1:242-8.
Influence of senna, fibre, and fibre + senna on colonic transit in loperamide-induced constipation.

Ewe K, Ueberschaer B, Press AG.

I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, FRG.

Retarded colonic transit and disturbed defecation are the most prominent pathophysiological mechanisms in constipation. Both may be influenced by bulking agents and by laxatives such as senna. Direct measurements of the influence of such substances on colonic transit are rare mainly because of technical problems. We measured gastric emptying, small and large intestinal transit in 24 healthy volunteers by a newly developed method employing a metal detector. Twelve persons taking a normal diet received loperamide in a dose sufficient to double the individual transit time. All subjects measured gastrointestinal transit time under normal conditions and with Sennatin containing purified sennosides 20 mg, Agiocur (30 g) as a fibre product containing 20 g Plantago ovata seeds/husks, or Agiolax (10 g) as a combination of 5.4 g P. ovata seeds/husks + 1.2 g senna pod with a sennoside content of 30 mg. Colonic transit was reduced by Sennatin and by Agiolax from 39 +/- 4 h to 17 +/- 3 h (p < 0.005). Agiocur did not influence colonic transit (39 +/- 3 h). Loperamide prolonged colonic transit from 27 +/- 0.7 to 72 +/- 12 h. This effect was abolished by Sennatin (30 +/- 5 h) and Agiolax (27 +/- 1 h) (p < 0.005), but not by Agiocur (64 +/- 13 h). The same effects were seen when right and left colonic transit were analyzed separately. Neither gastric emptying nor small intestinal transit were affected by either substance. All of the three study drugs increased stool weight significantly (p < 0.05). When stool frequency and consistency were compared, the effects were less clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8234436&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing



Gut. 1993 Oct;34(10):1400-4.
Constipation in early childhood: patient characteristics, treatment, and longterm follow up.

Loening-Baucke V.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1083.

Little is known about chronic constipation in infants, toddlers, and preschool children and longterm outcome after treatment. The symptoms of 174 children < or = 4 years of age, who were evaluated for chronic constipation, are reported in this study together with the long-term outcome in 90 of them. Initial symptoms were infrequent bowel movements in 58%, painful bowel movements in 77% often with screaming, and severe stool withholding manoeuvres in 97%. The treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation consisted of education, faecal disimpaction, prevention of future impaction, and promotion of regular bowel habits with dietary fibre and milk of magnesia, and finally toilet training of the preschool child. Longterm outcome could be evaluated in 90 patients (52%) (mean (SD) 6.9 (2.7)) years after initial evaluation. Fifty seven children (63%) had recovered, defined as no soiling with > or = 3 bowel movements per week, while not receiving treatment. The recovery rate of children < or = 2 years of age was significantly higher than in children > 2 to 4 years of age. Thirty three children (37%) had not recovered. Constipation recurred as soon as laxatives were discontinued in 31 (94%) of them. Laxatives were still used by 33% of the children who had not recovered, 39% had < 3 bowel movements per week, 48% had faecal soiling, 45% had stool withholding, 27% complained of abdominal pain, 73% passed large stools, and 45% still on occasions clogged the toilet with their large stools. Symptoms of chronic constipation persisted in one third of our patients, 3-12 years after initial evaluation and treatment. Children who had not recovered deserve continued follow up, to reinforce and adjust treatment and to prevent faecal soiling.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8244110&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative [PubMed - indexed for



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