References: Laxative
An Med Interna. 1995 Sep;12(9):425-30.
[Clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism: two faces of the coin?]
[Article in Spanish]
Gabriel Botella F, Labios Gomez M, Galindo Puerto MJ, Vicente Balaguer J, Arnal Babiloni M, Dualde Beltran D.
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia.
We have made a prospective study of 23 patients diagnosed of subclinical hypothyroidism and 45 of overt hypothyroidism, aged 68.3-70.3 years and with a mean illness of 4.5 and 6.5 years respectively. It has been proved a higher prevalence of females in both groups. The most frequent clinical symptoms, similar in both groups, were fatigue, constipation and dyspnea. The most repeated initial diagnosis at the entry were prymary hypothyroidism, heart failure, hypertensive urgencies and stroke. We have found differences of statistical significance between the Free Thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), total serum cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and thyrotropin (TSH) initial and ending serum levels in patients with overt hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). We only have found significant differences in TSH serum levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. The antithyroglobulin and antimicrobial antibodies, have been both positive in two and one patient respectively. Both are more useful as a predictor than their diagnostic value. The levothyroxine (L-T4) daily dose needed to normalize the TSH serum concentration, was lesser in subclinical hypothyroidism (71.8 micrograms opposite 107 micrograms-p < 0.001). We didn't find significant differences between the different groups in the time necessary for normalizing TSH. It seems that the L-T4 therapy should be started in all patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and TSH > or = 10 microU/ml or with TSH > 5 and goiter or with thyroid antibodies. The aim to reach is to normalize the TSH serum levels. The mean daily necessary L-T4 dose is 50-100 micrograms.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=892454&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative
Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996 Jan;31(1):54-60.
Symptoms and haematologic features in consecutive adult coeliac patients.
Bode S, Gudmand-Hoyer E.
Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine in a homogeneous adult population from Denmark, which is known to have very low incidence rates of coeliac disease, 1) the percentage of patients presenting with mild or atypical symptoms; 2) a possible change in clinical pattern over time; and 3) the delay in diagnosis and the age and sex distribution. METHODS: The symptoms, delay in diagnosis, age, sex, and haematologic features of 50 consecutive adult coeliac patients, diagnosed by the same person in a uniform manner, are presented. RESULTS: The median age was 40.5 (range, 17-82) years. The male to female sex ratio was 1:2.8. The median delay in diagnosis was 3 years. Fifty-eight per cent reported symptoms that could be attributed to coeliac disease during childhood. Presenting symptoms were tiredness, 78%; borborygmus, 72%; abdominal pain, 64%; diarrhoea, 56%; weight loss, 44%; vomiting, 16%; constipation, 12%; bone pain, 12%; and dermatitis herpetiformis, 10%. Weight gain after treatment was experienced by 84%. As a group the coeliac patients had many abnormal blood analysis results, but many patients had several test results inside the normal range. Only 22% had anemia. Liver involvement was not an uncommon feature (19% had increased transaminase levels). Low values were registered in s-iron (32%), p-folate (49%), c-folate (35%), p-vitamin B12 (11%), p-coagulation factors (II, VII, X) (32%), s-protein (21%), s-albumin (26%), s-calcium (43%), p-magnesium (13%), and s-zinc (31%). High/low IgG levels were 3%/8%; high, IgA 21%; high/low IgM, 65%/14%; and high IgE, 71%. The gliadin antibody test was the best screening test (81% positive). No changes in clinical pattern were demonstrated during the period. CONCLUSION: The percentage of patients presenting with anaemia (22%) and other h
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996 Oct;50(5):545-50.
Does a shorter length of hospital stay affect the outcome and costs of hysterectomy in southern England?
Clarke A, Rowe P, Black N.
Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To see whether a shorter postoperative length of stay (LOS) for a major procedure, abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions, was associated with health outcome, the use of formal and lay care after discharge, cost, and satisfaction. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Three hospitals in London and three in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. PATIENTS: A total of 363 women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy: 112 with a short postoperative LOS (five days or less) and 251 with a standard LOS (six days or more). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wound infection within 10 days and six weeks; change in general health status (Nottingham health profile) after six weeks; general health and change in social activity (lifestyle index) three months after surgery. Mean cost difference for hospitals, use of formal and lay care after discharge, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Short LOS was associated with benefits: a lower risk of wound infection in the first 10 days (odds ratio 0.44; p = 0.03) and no deterioration in physical mobility (measured using the NHP) after six weeks- and with adverse outcomes: constipation six weeks later (OR 0.48; p < 0.001) and moderate or severe urinary symptoms six weeks (OR 0.69; p < 0.004) and three months (OR 0.65; p < 0.008) later. On multivariate analysis, the only outcome to remain significantly associated with LOS was physical mobility after six weeks (p = 0.024). There was no significant difference between short and standard stay women as regards their use of formal or lay care after discharge from hospital. The mean cost of hospital care was Pounds251 (in 1992) less for short than for standard stay patients. Most women (73% at six weeks) felt their LOS
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