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Cancer Pract. 1996 Jul-Aug;4(4):185-90.
Concordance of cancer patient and caregiver symptom reports.

Kurtz ME, Kurtz JC, Given CC, Given B.

PURPOSE: This study investigated whether family caregiver reports of cancer patients' symptoms (specifically: nausea, pain, poor appetite, insomnia, fatigue, cough, constipation, and diarrhea) were in concordance with patient reports, and whether variables such as patient depression, caregiver depression, caregiver optimism, and perceived impact of caring on caregiver health would explain discrepancies in patients' and caregivers' reports. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A sample of 216 patients and their family caregivers was recruited through six community-based cancer treatment centers located in lower Michigan. Data on the study variables were obtained from two separate, multifaceted survey instruments completed by the patients and their family caregivers, respectively. RESULTS: The rate of agreement between patient and caregiver was highest for fatigue and lowest for insomnia, whether the entire sample, male caregivers, or female caregivers were considered. Female caregivers had a higher percentage agreement with their patients, and a higher level of association between patient and caregiver responses than male caregivers, uniformly for all symptoms. The overall accuracy of caregiver reports was approximately 71% and seemed to be relatively independent of the number of symptoms reported by the patient. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Health professionals caring for patients with cancer must recognize that patient and caregiver reports of patient symptoms may not always be in agreement. Awareness of variables that may cloud family caregivers' observations is needed, so that accurate symptom reporting occurs, and appropriate management can be initiated to enhance quality of life for the patient as much as possible. It is also important for health professionals to educate family caregivers about the nuances of symptom distress presentation and to teach caregivers techniques to

Int J Colorectal Dis. 1996;11(1):1-9.
Anterior rectocele and anorectal dysfunction.

Pucciani F, Rottoli ML, Bologna A, Buri M, Cianchi F, Pagliai P, Cortesini C.

Clinica Chirurgica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.

The two types of anterior rectocele, "distension" of Type 1 rectocele (T1R) and "displacement" or Type 2 rectocele (T2R), have different anatomical, clinical and therapeutic profiles. The aim of this study was to assess anorectal function in patients with distension or displacement rectocele. Three groups of female patients and one group of healthy female subjects were studied. Both the 10 Group 1 subjects, who had been diagnosed as having T1R, and 10 Group 2 women who had been diagnosed as having T2R, were symptomatic for digital evacuation of the rectum. The 10 Group 3 females had complained of sever idiopathic constipation but had no defecatory disorders. The control group was made up to 10 healthy volunteers. All patients and controls underwent clinical evaluation, colonic transit time (CTT), computerized anorectal manometry (CAM), and defecography. Bowel movements and clinical evaluation were similar for both rectocele groups. In Group 1, CAM detected significantly higher anal pressure (P < 0.05) and more impaired rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) (P < 0.01) in comparison to the other patients and controls. In Group 2, the lowest anal pressure (P < 0.001) was noted but RAIR was normal. Defecographic results, at rest and during evacuation, showed a significantly (P < 0.001) higher anorectal angle and a more abnormal pelvic floor descent in Group 2 than in the other study groups and controls. Therefore, peculiar anorectal function was present in patients with anterior rectocele. A pelvic floor dyssynergia was noted in the distension rectocele group, while a fall of the pelvic floor was noted in the displacement rectocele group.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8919333&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing

Int J Colorectal Dis. 1996;11(1):29-33.
Rectal mucosal electrosensitivity - what is being tested?

Meagher AP, Kennedy ML, Lubowski DZ.

Colorectal Unit, St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

The results of rectal mucosal electrosensitivity (RME) testing have been used to support theories regarding the aetiology of both idiopathic constipation and bowel dysfunction following rectopexy. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of tests of RME. Sixty-eight patients, comprising three groups (group 1: 50 patients undergoing assessment in the Anorectal Physiology Unit, group 2: 10 patients with coloanal or ileoanal anastomosis, group 3: 8 patients with a stoma) underwent mucosal electrosensitivity testing, with the threshold stimulus required to elicit sensation being recorded. In addition the RME was measured in groups 1 and 2 when placing the electrode, mounted on a catheter with a central wire, against the anterior, posterior, right and left rectal or neorectal walls. To asses the influence on this test of loss of mucosal contact due to faeces, a further 8 cases with a normal rectum had RME performed with and without a layer of water soaked gauze around the electrode to stimulate faeces and prevent the electrode from making contact with the rectal mucosa. There was marked variance in the sensitivity of the different regions of rectal wall tested (P < 0.001). In group 1 patients the mean sensitivities were: central 36.6 mA, anterior 27.4 mA, posterior 37.9 mA, right 22.3 mA and left 25.6 mA. This circumferential variation suggests that the pelvic floor rather than rectal mucosa was being stimulated. All patients in group 2 had recordable sensitivities, and the mean sensitivity threshold was significantly higher than group 1 patients in the central (P = 0.03), right (P = 0.03) and left (P = 0.007) positions. In group 3 the sensitivity was greater within the stoma at the level of the abdominal wall muscle than intra-abdominally or subcutaneously, again suggesting an extra-colonic orig

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