laxative



References: Laxative






J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Jan;44(1):54-60.
Use of cardiovascular drugs in an older Swedish population.

Wills P, Fastbom J, Claesson CB, Cornelius C, Thorslund M, Winblad B.

Stockholm Gerontology Research Centre, Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of cardiovascular drugs in an older population with respect to age, sex, housing type, and creatinine clearance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: All residents of a district of Stockholm (Kungsholmen), Sweden, aged 75 and older, living in institutions or at home. MEASUREMENTS: Cardiovascular drug use, serum creatinine, electrolytes, height, weight, and symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 43 cardiovascular (CV) drugs were used. The most common drugs were digoxin (used by 18.2%), furosemide (16.4%), and glyceryl trinitrate (12.4%). Drugs with an antihypertensive effect accounted for 61% of all CV drugs. CV drug use increased with age for cardiac glycosides and diuretics, but decreased with age for calcium antagonists and beta-blockers. Drug doses tended to be less than the recommended daily dose except for a few drugs, e.g., furosemide. There was a trend toward decreasing dose with increasing age, but this was not significant. Diuretics were the only CV drugs used more often in women. People living in institutional care used the least amount of CV drugs. The dose of drugs taken did not appear to be related to estimated creatinine clearance. Comparisons between drug use and complaint of symptoms showed a strong correlation between the use of cardiac glycosides and anorexia, calcium antagonists and constipation, and nitrates and vertigo. There were weaker correlations with cardiac glycosides and visual disturbances and with potassium sparing diuretics and a high potassium. CONCLUSIONS: CV drugs are used commonly in older people. We suggest that the symptoms correlating with cardiac glycoside use may be signs of unrecognized toxicity, and this may relate to our finding that drug use is often not tailored to renal function as measured by creati



Palliat Med. 1995 Oct;9(4):295-305.
Dying from cancer: results of a national population-based investigation.

Addington-Hall J, McCarthy M.

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the quality of care received in the last year of life by people who die from cancer, focusing particularly on symptom control, communication with health professionals, and care in the community. DESIGN: Interview survey of family members or others who knew about the last year of life of a random sample of people who died in the UK in 1990, based upon methods used in nationally representative surveys by Cartwright in 1969, and Cartwright and Seale in 1987. SETTING: Twenty district health authorities from a range of inner city, outer urban and rural settings. Although self-selected, districts were nationally representative in terms of social characteristics and on many indicators of health service provision and usage. PARTICIPANTS: Interviews were obtained for 2074 cancer deaths out of a random sample of 2915, a 71% response rate. MAIN RESULTS: At some stage in the last year of life, 88% were reported to have been in pain, 66% were said to have found it to be 'very distressing', and 61% to have experienced it in their last week. Treatment that only partially controlled the pain, if at all, was said to have been received by 47% of those treated for pain by their GPs and by 35% of hospital patients. Other common symptoms experienced by more than half the sample in their last year were loss of appetite, constipation, dry mouth or thirst, vomiting or nausea, breathlessness, low mood, and sleeplessness. Half of the respondents (51%) were unable to get all the information they wanted about the patient's medical condition when they wanted it. Relatives bore the brunt of caring for 81% of the sample. Of respondents who had helped to care for the deceased, 65% said that their activities had been at least fairly restricted, but 53% had found it rewarding. District



Arch Intern Med. 1996 Feb 12;156(3):315-20.
Bowel habit in relation to age and gender. Findings from the National Health Interview Survey and clinical implications.

Harari D, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, Bohn R, Minaker KL.

Division on Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA.

BACKGROUND: Constipation is widely considered to be a common problem among the elderly, as evidenced by the high rate of laxative use in this population. Yet, age-related prevalence studies of constipation generally do not distinguish between actual alteration in bowel movement frequency and subjective self-report of constipation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between advancing age and bowel habit. METHODS: We employed data collected on 42,375 subjects who participated in the National Health Interview Survey on Digestive Disorders based on interviews with a random nationwide sample of US households. We examined the following characteristics reported by this population according to selected age groupings by decade: constipation, levels of laxative use, and two bowel movements per week or less. RESULTS: Contrary to conventional wisdom, there was no age-related increase in the proportion of subjects reporting infrequent bowel movements. Nonetheless, the prevalence of self-report of constipation increased with advancing age, with a greater proportion of women reporting this symptom than men across all age groups. Laxative use also increased substantially with aging; while women were more likely to use laxatives than men, this effect attenuated with advancing age. A U-shaped relationship was observed between advancing age and bowel habit in men and women; 5.9% of individuals younger than 40 years reported two bowel movements per week or less compared with 3.8% of those aged 60 to 69 years and 6.3% of those aged 80 years or older. This relationship persisted after adjusting for laxative use. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a decline in bowel movement frequency is not an invariable concomitant of aging. In eld



Laxative and constipation online literature || Constipation and laxative online literature || Colon cleansing online literature





Buy Rx Online || Antibiotics || Stop hair loss, stimulate hair growth || Buy Tramadol || herbal laxative || Insurance policies: life insurance, health insurance, home insurance, automobile insurance ||