References: Laxative
Perit Dial Int. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1):41-5.
Risk factors for developing peritonitis caused by micro-organisms of enteral origin in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Caravaca F, Ruiz-Calero R, Dominguez C.
Service of Nephrology, Regional Hospital University Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with the development of peritonitis caused by enteral bacteria in peritoneal dialysis patients, including the prescription of gastric acid inhibitors as a potential risk factor. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fifty-five patients who entered into our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program during the last 6 years were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish the best determinants over the development of at least one episode of enteric peritonitis. The predictive variables included in the model were: age, gender, diabetic versus nondiabetic, polycystic versus nonpolycystic kidney diseases, history of constipation, presence or absence of moderate/severe malnutrition, peritoneal transport characteristics, peritoneal protein losses, rate of exit-site infections, rate of total peritonitis, intestinal abnormalities, and treatment with inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. RESULTS: The total number of peritonitis episodes during the studied period was 88, which clustered in 34 of 55 patients. Fourteen (16%) were caused by enteric micro-organisms in 10 patients: Escherichia coli (6), Klebsiella sp (2), Enterobacter sp (1), and Enterococcus sp (5). Nine of 10 patients who developed enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (3 patients on omeprazole and 6 patients on H2-antagonists), while 15 of 45 patients who did not develop enteric peritonitis were on gastric acid inhibitors (all of them on H2-blockers). There were temporal relationships between the start of gastric acid inhibitors and the development of enteric peritonitis in
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Feb;21(2):71-5.
[Measurement of colonic transit time (total and segmental) with radiopaque markers. National reference values obtained in 192 healthy subjects. Spanish Group for the Study of Digestive Motility]
[Article in Spanish]
[No authors listed]
The interest for the technique of colonic transit time (CTT) measurement with radiopaque markers has been limited in our ambience, despite its documented clinical usefulness in evaluating patients with severe chronic idiopathic constipation. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the development of the technique by establishing the upper limit of CTT in a large series of healthy subjects in order to be used as national reference. Total and segmental CTT have been determined in 192 healthy subjects (114 men, 78 women; median age: 33 yr; range: 18-88 yr) recruited in 18 hospitals of Spain. CTT measurement has been carried out by means of daily administration of 20 radiopaque markers during three consecutive days and plain abdominal X-ray taken at 4th, 7th and, eventually, 10th day. The upper limit (95th percentile) of total, right, left and rectosigmoid CTT was, respectively, 71.2, 22, 37.2 and 37.2 h. Women had significantly longer transits than men for whole (p = 0.002), right and rectosigmoid (p = 0.01, respectively) colon and near to statistical significance (p = 0.076) for left colon. In this series, CTT were not related to age and geographic area. Correlation between results obtained in the first reading of X-ray done in each center and a second reading done by an independent observer, was excellent (p < 0.001). CTT measurement with radiopaque markers is a simple technique, attainable to different assistance settings. The obtained values are proposed as national reference given their independence from geographic area. When employing the technique to clinical evaluation of patients with constipation, the differences of CTT in function of gender should be kept in mind.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9549181&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative [PubMed - indexed for
Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1997 Dec;44(12):928-33.
[Relationship between subjective cognition and observed life-style in nursing students]
[Article in Japanese]
Murata M, Chen F, Sakamoto H, Sugiura S.
Department of Hygiene, Mie University School of Medicine.
Complex interactions between long-standing lifestyles and genetic factors are strongly involved in the pathologenesis of adult diseases or chronic degenerative diseases. We usually use a questionnaire to obtain life-style information from subjects in a health survey. However, the response to questionnaires is a subjective recognition, therefore, it does not always precisely correspond to the actual situation. The purpose of this research is to compare the response to the questionnaire about life-styles with facts that can be objectively observed. Furthermore, each aspect of life-styles was examined on a mutual influence grade. The subjects were ninety-eight nursing college students aged from 18 to 23 years old, in good health. Subjective symptoms and daily life practices were investigated by a 15-item questionnaire, as the first step. Therefore, we asked them to record their behavior on a time chart, everyday for ten days. Seven days of serial records were obtained from sixty-four subjects (65.3% of 98 persons). 1) The response "yes" to the questionnaire "Do you sleep well?" and "Do you fall asleep, easily?" was influenced by the hours of sleep, rather than what time the subjects "go-to-bed" or "get-up". The response to "Do you wake up often during the night?" expressed an actual situation, well. 2) For subjective cognition regarding excretion, the answer for "constipation" was associated with the number of defecation per week, though the answer for "diarrhea" was not. 3) The answer to "Do you eat breakfast?" reflected the actual situation. However, the answer for "Do you eat between meals?" did not express the actual situation, that is, eve
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