References: Laxative
Dis Colon Rectum. 1997 Aug;40(8):907-11.
Electromyographic assessment of biofeedback training for fecal incontinence and chronic constipation.
Patankar SK, Ferrara A, Larach SW, Williamson PR, Perozo SE, Levy JR, Mills J.
The Colon and Rectal Clinic of Orlando, Florida 32806, USA.
INTRODUCTION: Biofeedback training is an effective modality for the treatment of chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. In general, patients express satisfaction and perceive functional improvement following biofeedback therapy; however, quantifying these observations has been difficult. AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the physiologic benefits of biofeedback therapy as reflected by noninvasive electromyography parameters. METHODS: Fifty-five patients who underwent computerized electromyography-based biofeedback treatment at our institution between July 1993 and July 1995 were identified. Noninvasive electromyographic testing was performed before, during (weekly), and at completion of training. Mean number of weekly sessions was seven (range, 5-11). Short-term and ten-second contractions (amplitude/microV), sustained contractions (endurance, in seconds), and net strength (microV) of the external anal sphincter before and after biofeedback were compared for differences. RESULTS: There were 30 patients with chronic constipation, mean age, 65.3 (range, 33-86) years, composed of 24 women, and 25 patients with fecal incontinence, mean age 66 (range, 34-85) years, composed of 12 males. Statistically significant improvement in endurance and net strength following biofeedback training was noted in both the constipated and the fecal incontinence groups. Fifty-three of 55 (96.4 percent) patients expressed 50 to 100 percent subjective satisfaction after biofeedback therapy. Forty-six of 55 (83.6 percent) patients demonstrated individually improved endurance. CONCLUSIONS: Sphincter endurance and net strength, as measured by noninvasive electromyography, significantly improve following biofeedback therapy in bot
Gut. 1997 Jul;41(1):93-9.
Clinical features of idiopathic megarectum and idiopathic megacolon.
Gattuso JM, Kamm MA.
St Mark's Hospital, London.
BACKGROUND: Dilatation of the rectum and/or colon, in the absence of demonstrable organic disease, is an uncommon and poorly characterised condition. AIMS: To characterise the clinical and diagnostic features, and response to treatment, of patients with idiopathic megarectum (IMR) and idiopathic megacolon (IMC). METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients operated on for these conditions over a 23 year period. In addition all patients treated over a three year period were prospectively studied by means of a questionnaire, contrast studies of the upper and lower intestine, spine x rays to exclude spinal dysraphism, anorectal physiological studies, and assessment of clinical outcome. Patients with Hirschsprung's disease and other known causes of gut dilatation were excluded. RESULTS: (i) Retrospective study: Of 63 operated patients, 22 had IMR, 23 had IMR and IMC, and 18 had IMC only. Five patients with IMC had previous sigmoid volvulus, and three had associated non-gastrointestinal congenital abnormalities. Faecal incontinence was always associated with rectal impaction and 14 patients (82%) with IMR alone had had manual disimpaction. (ii) Prospective study: Twenty two patients had IMR, with a median rectal diameter of 10 cm (normal < 6.5 cm). Six patients had IMC and one patient had IMR and IMC. Patients with IMR were significantly (p = 0.0007) younger than patients with IMC. All patients with IMR became symptomatic in childhood, compared with half the patients with IMC who developed symptoms as adults. Patients with IMR all presented with soiling and impaction, compared with patients with IMC whose symptoms were variable and included constipation or increased bowel frequency, pain, and variable need for laxatives. No upper gut dilatation was seen in either group of patients. Spinal dysraphism was seen in two of 1
Br J Surg. 1997 Aug;84(8):1123-6.
Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation.
Gilliland R, Heymen S, Altomare DF, Park UC, Vickers D, Wexner SD.
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Fort Lauderdale 33309-1743, USA.
BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to determine outcome and to identify predictors of success for biofeedback for constipation. METHODS: Patients who had at least one biofeedback session were evaluated whether or not they completed a treatment course. Parameters assessed included use of cathartics, number of spontaneous bowel movements per week, presence of rectal pain, number of biofeedback sessions and results of anorectal physiology. RESULTS: A total of 194 patients (59 male, 135 female) of median age 71 (range 11-96) years, including 30 with concomitant rectal pain, were treated. The median number of spontaneous bowel movements per week before treatment was 0. Some 35 per cent of patients had complete success (three or more spontaneous bowel movements per week with discontinuation of cathartics), 13 per cent had partial success (fewer than three spontaneous bowel movements per week with continued use of cathartics) and 51 per cent had no improvement. Neither patient age, sex nor duration of symptoms significantly affected outcome. Only 18 per cent of patients who had between two and four sessions had complete success, compared with 44 per cent of those who had five or more (P < 0.001). A total of 63 per cent of patients who completed the treatment protocol experienced complete success, compared with 25 per cent of those who self-discharged (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This large study indicates that the success rate of biofeedback for patients with constipation is less than previously reported. However, the success rate improves significantly after five or more sessions and is significantly related to the patient's willingness to complete treatment.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9278659&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing
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